Pain is an unpleasant sensation that is accompanied by emotional experiences caused by real, possible or psychogenic damage to the tissue of the body.
What kind of pain is there?
The meaning of pain lies in its signal and pathogenic functions. This means that when a potential or real threat of damage appears for the body, it communicates this to the brain with the help of unpleasant (painful) echoes.
Pain is divided into two types:
- acute pain, which is characterized by relative short duration and specific association with tissue damage;
- chronic pain that occurs during tissue repair.
| Types of pain | Reason for development |
| Somatic | Soft tissue damage, bones, muscle spasm |
| Visceral | Loss of parenchymal and hollow organs, hyperextension, carcinomatosis of serous membranes, ascites, hydrothorax, constipation |
| Neuropathic | Damage (compression) of nerve structures |
According to the localization of pain, there are:
- anal;
- gynecological, menstrual, childbirth, ovulation;
- head, eye and dental;
- chest;
- gastric;
- intestinal;
- intercostal;
- muscular;
- renal;
- lumbar;
- sciatic;
- heartfelt;
- pelvic;
- other pains.
Headache
Headache is one of the most common types of pain.
It is divided into the following main groups:
- vascular;
- muscle tension;
- liquorodynamic;
- neuralgic;
- psychalgic;
- mixed.
Some of the groups have their own subtypes. But even despite this, the classification of pain according to the nature of the course and the pathophysiological mechanism is used to make a diagnosis.
| Name |
Characterization of pain |
| Migraine | Pulsating headache, similar to an attack. Frequent relapses possible |
| Tension headache | The most common pain is acute and chronic. Symptoms include muscle tension, psychogenic or chronic cephalgia |
| Post-traumatic | Acute or chronic headaches resulting from a craniocerebralinjuries |
| Vascular headache | Appears as a result of changes in the state of the veins and arteries of the skull and brain: stroke, subdural or epidural hematomas, and the like |
| Liquorodynamic | Symptoms include: low or high blood pressure |
| Abuzusnaya | Resulting from abuse or withdrawal of drugs, drugs and alcohol |
| Beam pain | Symptoms: attacks of severe unilateral pain of varying duration and frequency |
| Associated with impaired metabolism | Symptoms: hypercapnia, hypoxia, hypoglycemia |
| Associated with structural changes in the structure of the neck and head | Is the result of various diseases of the neck, eyes, skull, mouth and so on |
| Neuralgic | Is the result of irritation of the nerves during the endoneural or extraneural process. Characterized by the appearance of zones that provoke a painful attack |
| Other unclassifiable cases | Non-traditional and "mixed" cases |
Pain in the heart area
Heartaches cause many more reasons toanxiety than others. After all, their consequences can be very serious.
Most often, heart pain is accompanied by:
- weakness;
- palpitations;
- heavy sweating;
- feeling short of breath.
The pain itself can be of a different nature:
- spicy;
- stupid;
- stabbing;
- pulling;
- pressive;
- compressive;
- constant;
- paroxysmal.
| Type | Characterization of pain |
| Antigynous pain |
The heart receives insufficient oxygen and nutrients. Pain occurs during exercise or emotional excitement Symptoms: short-term pain radiating under the shoulder blade, to the left shoulder or lower jaw |
| Heart attack | Symptoms: Prolonged intense pain accompanied by profuse sweating, shortness of breath, blanching |
| Kardialgia |
This type of pain can be both a symptom of heart disease such as arrhythmia, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and complications of intercostal neuralgia Pain occurs with various body movements |
| Acquired heart disease |
There is a relative insufficiency of coronary blood circulation and disorders of metabolic processes in the myocardium Symptoms: precordial pain (middle and lower chest) |
| Hypertension | Symptoms: prolonged aching pain in the precordial region caused by increased blood pressure |
Types of abdominal pain
Abdominal pain is quite common. It can be of a completely different nature: be associated with diseases of the digestive system or caused by psychogenic factors.
| Classification of pains | Description | |
| By origin | Visceral | Manifested as colic of varying intensity in the middle of the abdomen |
| Parietal | Prolonged cutting pain, accompanied by tension in the abdominal muscles and increased pain during body movements | |
| Psychogenic | Caused by the degree of suspiciousness of a person and is the result of a stressful situation | |
| Neurogenic | Most often burning and shooting pains that appear when the ambient temperature changes or touches the pain point | |
| By intensity over time | Increasing | Different intensity can be caused as a kind ofdisease, and its characteristics (severity) |
| Constant | ||
| Descending | ||
| Intermittent | ||
| By the nature of sensations | Cramping | The result of limited narrowing of the intestinal lumen |
| Constant | The result of a progressive inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity | |
| By duration | Spicy | Lasts from a few minutes to a day. Characteristic of new diseases (for example, inflammation of appendicitis) |
| Chronic | Lasts three months or more. Characteristic of chronic diseases: gastritis, ulcers, gallbladder, pancreatitis | |
Gastritis pain. Description
Such a disease as gastritis is a fairly common phenomenon in the modern world. It is associated with inflammation of the stomach lining caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the body, as well as bad habits such as smoking, excessive drinking, unhe althy diet and stressful situations.
| Form of manifestation of gastritis | Description | |
| Sharp shape | Simple or catarrhal gastritis | Sudden and severe pain whenconsumption of poor quality food or an allergic reaction to any product |
| Erosive or corrosive gastritis | Sudden and severe abdominal pain when chemicals enter the stomach | |
| Phlegmonous gastritis | Consequence of purulent inflammation of the stomach | |
| Fibrinous gastritis | A rare form of gastritis that results from blood poisoning | |
| Chronic form | Manifested during the primary disease or transition from acute to chronic form | |
Symptoms of acute gastritis:
- acute paroxysmal pain;
- heartburn;
- vomit;
- increased saliva production;
- constipation or diarrhea;
- tachycardia;
- hemorrhage in the stomach.
Symptoms of chronic gastritis:
- loss of appetite;
- bad breath;
- heaviness in the stomach after eating;
- vomiting;
- lack of hemoglobin.
Pain with pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is the process of inflammation of the pancreas.
Symptoms:
- severe girdle pain in the left and right hypochondrium and epigastric region;
- vomit;
- breaking stool;
- general weakness;
- dizziness.
| Type of pancreatitis | Description |
| Reactive | The result of pancreatic damage in children |
| Spicy |
The consequence of excessive passion for unhe althy food (fatty, spicy) and alcohol Symptoms: sharp cutting pain surrounding nature, vomiting, weakness |
| Chronic | The disease develops slowly with symptoms such as periodic aching pain in the stomach, vomiting, nausea |
Pain in liver disease
Unpleasant sensations in the liver area can be caused by the following diseases:
- hepatitis;
- cirrhosis;
- tumor;
- abscess;
- steatosis.
What are liver pains? The nature of the pains that arise under the right hypochondrium is aching and prolonged, they tend to intensify even with little physical exertion, eating junk food (fatty, spicy, fried, sweet), alcohol and cigarettes. Nausea, belching, and bad breath may also occur.
In severe forms of the disease, itching in different areas of the body, spider veins, yellowish skin color and its peeling are added to the main symptoms.
Kidney pain
It is impossible to determine with accuracy whether the pain is directly related to the kidneys or is it just echoes of othersdiseases in the back and right side. To do this, you need to identify other symptoms:
- pain dull and aching;
- one-sided pain;
- increased body temperature;
- impaired urination.
| Reasons | Description | Kind of pain |
| Kidney stones or urolithiasis | Stones enter the ureter and obstruct the flow of urine, which then flows back into the kidney causing kidney swelling | Waving, very strong, can spread not only to the right, but also to the left side, lower abdomen, groin |
| Kidney infection, pyelonephritis | Swelling of the kidneys occurs due to infection with blood flow from any focus of inflammation: furuncle, uterus and its appendages, intestines, lungs, bladder | Sharp, aching. It becomes almost impossible to touch the area of pain |
| Kidney bleeding | May be the result of serious injury or loss of blood supply to the kidneys due to renal artery thromboembolism | Dumb aching |
| Nephroptosis or wandering kidney | Kidney prolapse occurs, and it begins to move around its axis, which leads to kinking of blood vessels and impaired blood circulation. Women have morepredisposition to this disease | Dull pain in the lumbar region |
| Kidney failure | The kidneys partially or completely stop doing their job due to a violation of the water and electrolyte balance in the body | At different stages of pain can be different: from aching to acute |
Muscle pain
Myalgia is muscle pain of different localization and origin. What are the symptoms of this ailment?
When myalgia pain is divided into two types:
- aching, pressing and dull pain in the muscles;
- general muscle weakness, pressure pain, nausea, dizziness.
The appearance of a feeling of pain in the muscles is associated with nervous stress, psychological and emotional overload, overwork, physical exertion, exposure to cold and dampness. One or more factors cause spasms of muscle tissue, which, in turn, lead to pinching of nerve endings, which provokes pain.
It is also not uncommon for myalgia to occur against the background of chronic fatigue, which leads to the accumulation of under-oxidized metabolic products in muscle tissues.
A more dangerous scenario, when myalgia itself is a symptom of infectious diseases or rheumatism.
A particular item to consider is post-workout muscle soreness, which for many athletes is one of the criteria for successful exercise.
Types of muscle pain after exercise:
- Usual moderate - the most common pain that appears after intense exercise. The source is microtraumas and microruptures of muscle fibers and an excess of lactic acid in them. This pain is normal and lasts about two to three days on average. Her presence means you did a good job last workout.
- Delayed pain that appears in the muscles a couple of days after exercise. Usually this condition is typical after a change in the training program: its complete change or increase in loads. The duration of this pain is from one to four days.
- Injury pain is the result of a minor bruise or a major problem (such as a torn muscle). Symptoms: redness of the injury site, its swelling, aching pain. It is not the norm, urgent medical measures are needed, which consist at least in applying a compress to the injured area.
Pain during contractions
One of the symptoms of approaching labor is contractions. The description of pain varies from pulling to sharp in the lumbar region and extends to the lower abdomen and thighs.
Peak of contraction pain occurs at the time when the uterus begins to contract even more to open the cervix. The process begins with visceral pain that is difficult to localize. The cervix gradually opens, causing water to drain and the baby's head to drop. She begins to put pressure on the muscles of the vagina, cervix and sacrum.nerve plexus. The nature of the pain changes to intense, penetrating and sharp, mostly concentrated in the pelvic region.
The contractions can last from three to twelve hours (in rare cases even longer) and are accompanied by varying degrees of pain. The psychological state of the woman in labor plays a significant role in their feelings - you need to understand that this process brings you closer to meeting your baby.
And finally, most psychologists are inclined to believe that many pains are our excessive suspiciousness. Even if this is the case, whatever the nature of your pain, it is better to consult a doctor and undergo a preventive examination.
