Permanent stay in a near-delusional state for patients diagnosed with "paranoid syndrome" is natural. Moreover, people with such a disorder are divided into two types: those who can systematize their delusions, and those who are not able to do so. In the first case, the patient clearly understands and can tell others when he noticed that he was being followed; can name the date of the onset of a persistent feeling of anxiety, in what way it manifests itself, and moreover, he even names a specific person from whom he feels danger.
Most of the patients, unfortunately, cannot systematize their delusions. They understand their condition in general terms and create conditions for the preservation of life: they often change their place of residence, observe increased security measures in various situations, lock their doors with all locks.
The most well-known disorder of the human mental state is schizophrenia - a paranoid syndrome in which thinking is partially or completely impaired, and emotional reactions do not correspond to natural ones.
Causes of disease
Doctors find it difficultname the exact cause or their complex, which can provoke a violation of the psycho-emotional state of a person. The etiology can be completely different and is formed under the influence of genetics, stressful situations, congenital or acquired neurological pathologies, or due to changes in brain chemistry.
Some clinical cases of the development of paranoid syndrome still have a well-established cause. To a greater extent, they occur under the influence of psychotropic and narcotic substances, alcohol on the body.
Classification and symptoms of the disorder
Medics agree that paranoid and paranoid syndromes have similar symptoms:
- patients are more in a state of secondary delusion, which manifests itself in the form of various images, than in a state of primary delusion, when they do not understand what is happening to them;
- in each clinical case, the predominance of auditory hallucinations over visual phenomena was noted;
- the state of delirium is systematized, which allows the patient to tell the reason and name the date of the onset of disturbing feelings;
- in most cases, each patient clearly understands that someone is following him or following him;
- looks, gestures and speech of strangers patients associate with hints and a desire to harm them;
- sensorics are disturbed.
Paranoid syndrome can develop in one of two directions: delusional or hallucinatory. The first case is more severe, because the patient does not make contact with the doctora doctor and close people, respectively, making an accurate diagnosis is impossible and is postponed indefinitely. Treatment of delusional paranoid syndrome takes longer and requires strength and perseverance.
Hallucinatory paranoid syndrome is considered a mild form of the disorder, which is due to the patient's sociability. In this case, the prognosis for recovery looks more optimistic. The patient's condition may be acute or chronic.
Hallucinatory paranoid syndrome
This syndrome is a complex disorder of the human psyche, in which he feels the constant presence of strangers who are shadowing him and wanting to inflict physical injury, up to and including murder. It is accompanied by the frequent occurrence of hallucinations and pseudo-hallucinations.
In most clinical cases, the syndrome is preceded by severe affective disorders in the form of aggression and neurosis. Patients are in a constant sense of fear, and their delirium is so diverse that against its background, the development of psychic automatism occurs.
The progression of the disease has three stable stages following one after another:
- A lot of thoughts are swarming in the patient's head, which now and then emerge over the ones that have just disappeared, but with all this it seems to him that every person who sees the patient clearly reads thoughts and knows what he is thinking about. In some cases, it seems to the patient that the thoughts in his head, not his, but strangers, are imposed by someone by the power of hypnosis or by others.impact.
- At the next stage, the patient feels an increase in the heart rate, the pulse becomes incredibly fast, convulsions and withdrawal begin in the body, the temperature rises.
- The culmination of the state is the realization by the patient that he is in the mental power of another being and no longer belongs to himself. The patient is sure that someone controls him, penetrating into the subconscious.
Hallucinatory-paranoid syndrome is characterized by the frequent appearance of pictures or images, blurry or clear spots, while the patient cannot clearly characterize what he sees, but only convinces others of the impact of third-party forces on his thoughts.
Depressive paranoid syndrome
The main cause of this form of the syndrome is the experienced most difficult traumatic factor. The patient feels depressed, is in a state of depression. If these feelings are not overcome at the initial stage, then later a sleep disturbance develops, up to a complete absence, and the general condition is characterized by lethargy.
Patients with paranoid depression experience four stages of disease progression:
- lack of joy in life, decreased self-esteem, sleep and appetite disorders, sexual desire;
- the emergence of suicidal thoughts due to the lack of meaning in life;
- the desire to commit suicide becomes stable, the patient can no longer be convinced of the opposite;
- the last stage is nonsense in all itsmanifestations, the patient is sure that all the troubles in the world are his fault.
The paranoid syndrome of this form develops for quite a long period of time, about three months. Patients become lean, blood pressure is disturbed, and heart function suffers.
Description of manic-paranoid syndrome
Manic-paranoid syndrome is characterized by an elevated mood for no good reason, patients are quite active and mentally excited, they think very quickly and immediately reproduce everything they think. This state is episodic and is caused by emotional outbursts of the subconscious. In some cases, it occurs under the influence of drugs and alcohol.
Sick people are dangerous to others because they are prone to harassment of the opposite sex for sexual purposes, with possible physical injury.
Quite often, the syndrome develops against the background of extreme stress. Patients are sure that those around them are plotting criminal acts against them. Hence there is a constant state of aggression and mistrust, they become closed.
Diagnostic Methods
If a paranoid syndrome is suspected, the person should be taken to a clinic where they should undergo a thorough general medical examination. This is a method of differential diagnosis and allows you to unambiguously exclude mental disorders associated with stress.
When the examination is completed, but the reason remains unclear, the psychologist will appoint a personal consultation, duringwhich a series of special tests will be performed.
Relatives should be prepared for the fact that after the first communication with the patient, the doctor will not be able to make a final diagnosis. This is due to the reduced sociability of patients. Long-term observation of the patient and constant monitoring of symptomatic manifestations are required.
For the entire period of diagnosis, the patient will be placed in a special medical facility.
Treatment of patients diagnosed with paranoid syndrome
Depending on what symptoms the paranoid syndrome shows, in each clinical case, the treatment regimen is selected individually. In modern medicine, most mental disorders can be successfully treated.
The attending physician will prescribe the necessary antipsychotics, which, when taken in combination, will help bring the patient into a stable mental state. Duration of therapy, depending on the severity of the syndrome, from a week to one month.
In exceptional cases, if the form of the disease is mild, the patient can undergo therapy on an outpatient basis.
Drug therapy
The psychotherapist is the leading specialist in solving the problems of mental personality disorders. In certain cases, if the disease is caused by exposure to drugs or alcohol, the specialist must work in tandem with the narcologist. Depending on the degree of complexity of the syndrome, medications will be selectedindividually.
For the treatment of a mild form, remedies are shown:
- "Propazine".
- "Etaperazine".
- "Levomepromazine".
- "Aminazin".
- "Sonapax".
Moderate syndrome is stopped with the following drugs:
- "Aminazin".
- "Chlorprothixene".
- "Haloperidol".
- "Levomepromazine".
- "Triftazin".
- "Trifluperidol".
In difficult situations, doctors prescribe:
- "Tizercin".
- "Haloperidol".
- "Moditen Depot".
- "Leponex".
The attending physician determines which drugs to take, their dosage and regimen.
Prognosis for recovery
It is possible to achieve the onset of a stable remission stage in a patient diagnosed with "paranoid syndrome" provided that the request for medical help was made in the first days of the discovery of mental abnormalities. In this case, therapy will be aimed at preventing the development of the stage of exacerbation of the syndrome.
It is impossible to achieve an absolute cure for the paranoid syndrome. The relatives of the patient should remember this, however, with an adequate attitude to the situation, it is possible to prevent the aggravation of the disease.
