Rarely, when faced with the term "proliferation", what is it, can immediately understand. A terrible incurable disease, a prescribed medicine, or maybe this is how doctors let each other know about the strangeness of the patient?
Term Definition
So, proliferation - what is this word? This is a biological term that means cell growth, otherwise - mitosis. Cells that have the same properties simultaneously begin to develop in the same place - in the language of science - have a local location. At this time, they are affected by external and internal factors:
- Neurogenic and hormonal stimulation.
- Proteins of own cytoplasm.
Sometimes cell growth can be delayed or altered by some pathogen.
How does proliferation work?
Proliferation occurs at the very end of the inflammatory process, when the destruction of bacteria and viruses that pathologically affect tissues ends. Signs of proliferation can be seen at the stage at which destroyed cells begin to recover,toxins - to be removed, and damaged surface tissues - to be restored.
Of course, it is impossible to notice with a simple glance how inflammation replaces proliferation. All processes take place at the intracellular level. The protein b2-macroglobulin produced at this stage restores vascular permeability, which was reduced during the disease, and protects the connective tissue from destruction. Free radicals disappear inside the cells, they are neutralized by superoxide dismutase, a substance contained in the human body, an antioxidant enzyme. At this stage, proliferation occurs. That this is a cellular revival can be seen from the processes. Cells stop synthesizing pathogenic mediators, and new he althy receptors appear on their surface. The old ones are sucked in and destroyed.
Proliferation development mechanism
In order to understand proliferation - what it is and how it happens, for example, consider a common wound, for example, on the oral mucosa.
Everyone has seen how a white film - fibrin - forms on the surface of the ulcer. It fills the damaged surface. The main source is protein - fibrin. Then the tissue becomes more mature, new vessels appear in it - the surface of the former ulcer rises above the main one. The epithelium begins to recover literally immediately after damage, and this already shows that the body is given a command from the inside to build up a new surface over the damage, to resume the lost structure.
How does proliferation occur, what is this processat this stage, the tissue surface is restored under the scab or during primary and secondary intention - it all depends on the depth of the wound and its area.
- Primary intention is when a wound heals without effort, it is small, there is no infection in it. The appearance of epithelial tissue causes a scab, and the abrasion heals within 3-7 days. The scab is sloughed off.
- Healing under secondary intention occurs,
if the surface of the damage is significant, or an infection has entered the wound. Then they usually resort to medical assistance: the initially formed scab is removed, the required manipulations are performed, and only then, under the newly formed scab, proliferation occurs.
Pathological process of cell growth
Proliferation is not always good. Consider the example of the gastrointestinal tract.
Under the influence of high acidity, ulcerative lesions and erosion can form in the stomach. Of course, the proliferative mechanism is launched. Cells begin to form in the deepest basal layer of the epithelium. They rise to the surface, form an impenetrable barrier, restore the destroyed surface - everything seems to be fine.
However, the organs of the gastrointestinal tract have a rather heterogeneous tissue structure, many cells take part in it: parietal, endocrine, mucous … And if at least one of the proliferation structures fails, some cells begin to divide faster than others under the influenceinternal factors - differentiation is disturbed, and a tumor is formed.
Proliferation in gynecology
In the life cycle of a woman of childbearing age, proliferation occurs regularly. During menstruation, the endometrium is shed, then restored. Therefore, when taking a hysteroscopy - scraping from the uterine wall - or when examining an ultrasound machine, it is very important to consider what phase of endometrial proliferation is. During the monthly cycle, the endometrium has a different thickness, and it is by it that the work of the reproductive organs of a woman is judged.
The growth phase of the endometrium is a very important parameter for assessing the pathomorphological picture. Without knowledge of this parameter, it is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis even for an experienced specialist.
