Dislocation is a violation of the correct position of the bone articular surface. Such a pathology can be with a complete displacement of the joint or with a partial one. Rarely there are congenital dislocations. But they tend to stay with a person for life. It is very important for this type of injury to contact a qualified specialist in time. Otherwise, there is a risk of developing serious consequences.
What are there?
The following dislocations are diagnosed:
- incomplete dislocation;
- complete dislocation;
- old dislocation;
- intermediate dislocation;
- fresh dislocation.
The most common dislocations experienced by traumatologists are shoulder dislocations. According to statistics, 60% of patients seek help with a humerus injury.
Also in medicine there is a classification of dislocations in the direction of the displaced joint. For example:
- anterior dislocation;
- rear;
- central dislocation;
- rear.
Complications and symptoms of dislocation
Dislocation is often accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the joint capsule. It often happens that nearby ligaments and nerve fibers are affected. The only exception among this type of injury is a dislocation of the lower jaw. When this part of the skeleton is affected, the capsule does not collapse, but lends itself to stretching.
Severe dislocation can cause the complication of a fracture within the displaced joint. It is very important to diagnose this problem in time so that the specialist can choose the right tactics for further treatment. The first symptoms of a dislocation, namely:
- pain when moving a limb or other injured bone;
- slight swelling of the articular area;
- blue in the area of the injured joint.
You need to immediately seek help from a traumatologist. Since the muscles that surround the joint tend to quickly come into tone, and with each lost day, it will be more and more difficult to correct the violation. To make sure the diagnosis of "dislocation" is correct, it is necessary to undergo an x-ray. This procedure will give the exact answer to the question: is it a dislocation or maybe a sprain.
Therapy Methods
How to treat dislocation step by step:
- visit the radiology room to take a picture;
- taking muscle relaxants to help relax the muscles around the injured joint;
- return to the site of the injured joint by a doctor;
- fixation of the injured limb for a period of 7 to 25 days.
After thatas soon as the fixing material is removed, the patient is prescribed treatment, which is aimed at restoring the articular tissue. Often these are massages and physiotherapy.
The classification of dislocations does not end there. Such injuries are also called depending on the affected bone. For example, a dislocated shoulder. This type of violation can be triggered by mechanical action on the arm during abduction.
Dislocations of the humerus
Shoulder injury is one of the most common dislocations. The humerus is often subject to physical stress and mechanical force.
Dislocated shoulder - classification:
- congenital shoulder dislocation;
- acquired shoulder dislocation.
The injured shoulder is characterized by tension of the humerus and its slight abduction to the side. Often dislocation of the shoulder leads to deformation of the articular tissue. An untimely visit to a doctor may be fraught with improper fusion of the injured limb.
Acquired shoulder dislocations (classification):
- arbitrary;
- chronic;
- dislocation with complications;
- dislocation without complications.
Sharp pain in the shoulder area may indicate a complete dislocation and the exit of the articular base from the cell. People who lead an active lifestyle, including athletes, are most susceptible to shoulder joint injury. Both professionals and amateurs.
You can determine the dislocation of the shoulder by the sensations of sharp pain in the area of injury and stiffness of the limb. If you raise a sick hand with a he althy one -there is some slight relief. Also, the surface of the injured limb swells and may have a bluish tinge.
Lower jaw injury
Classification of mandibular dislocations:
- pathological,
- traumatic.
This injury is characterized by the head going beyond the cell in which it is attached. It moves upward and remains on the surface of the articular tubercle.
The causes of dislocation of the lower jaw include previous injuries, inflammation in the joints of the lower jaw and congenital defects in the development of the lower jaw. Diagnosing this kind of defect is easy. A person with a dislocated mandible cannot close their mouth, cannot speak intelligibly, and cannot control saliva flow in the mouth. At the slightest movement of the lower jaw, a sharp and sharp pain is felt.
Treatment of a dislocated jaw consists in setting it back into place and fixing it with a special splint for about 20 days. Also, the patient is given restraints that control the movement of the lower jaw when opening the mouth. They can be removable and non-removable. If all the recommendations of the specialist are followed, the splint is removed after 20 days, and the person gradually begins to lead a normal life.
Classification of collarbone injuries and their symptoms
With a dislocation of the collarbone, every 15th patient turns to traumatologists, that is, this injury is not one of those that often occur. Violations in the joints of the clavicle can be obtained due to injury, both direct and indirect. The clavicular joint is responsiblefor the correct position of the limb and ensures its correct operation. This suggests that if you injure this part of the limb, the hand will lose its performance.
Classification of dislocations of the collarbone depends on the degree:
- The first degree is characterized only by stretching of the joint capsule.
- At the second degree, the joint is destroyed, which provokes a slight displacement of the collarbone.
- The third degree is the hardest. In this case, the joint capsule and all its connecting parts are destroyed: muscles, nerve fibers. In severe cases, a clavicle fracture occurs.
When a dislocation of the collarbone of the first degree, a person feels a slight pain. It usually becomes more intense with movement of the limb. The region of the clavicular joint is edematous. The second degree gives more severe pain. They intensify with rotational movements of the hand. The last degree of dislocation of the collarbone causes very severe pain and limits not only the movement of the limb, but also does not allow you to freely turn your head.
Dislocation of the femur
Hip dislocation is one of the most severe injuries, which is often caused by strong mechanical impact. Most often, such an injury occurs in car accidents or when falling from a great height. Elderly people can often get a hip fracture.
What are hip dislocations? Classification:
- anterior dislocation;
- posterior dislocation;
Each of these species is characterized by the positionlimbs. For example, with a posterior dislocation, the limb is directed inward, and the anterior one is accompanied by abduction of the leg forward. Identifying an injury is a fairly simple task for a trained professional.
However, to determine the type of injury, the patient must undergo an X-ray examination. Then the doctor will review the picture and make a conclusion. After that, the patient should be given an anesthetic drug and a means to relax the muscle mass. Only after that, the specialist will start repositioning the bone.
Then a splint is applied to fix the limb, and the patient should not walk for 3 weeks, even with crutches. After 20 days of rest, the patient is allowed to walk with crutches. After another 2 weeks, you can start to stand up.
Dislocation of the joint: what happens?
Any pathology in medicine has a classification. A dislocated joint is no exception. It is classified according to the type of injured joint, the direction of displacement of the articular tissue and the name of the displaced bone. So, the classification of joint dislocations:
- Partial and full. A partial dislocation is sometimes referred to as a subluxation. It is characterized by a slight displacement of the joint. With a complete dislocation, the joint is completely out of the cell.
- Acquired and congenital. The first happens with a mechanical effect on the bone. The second baby often receives at birth, when it passes through the birth canal.
- Closed, open. If the injury does not have open wounds, it is diagnosed as a closed dislocation. If the surface of the limb is damaged, this is, of course, an open dislocation,which requires immediate qualified assistance.
- There are also pathological dislocations. They tend to cause paralysis of the muscles that surround the injured joint.
Correctly diagnosing the disorder is the key to further successful treatment of the injury. Therefore, with such a problem, it is better to seek help from doctors and in no case self-medicate.
The concept and classification of fractures and dislocations: symptoms
Fracture in professional medicine is a violation of the integrity of the bone, which occurs as a result of exposure to strong physical force. Fractures are divided into types such as:
- Closed fracture. It is characterized by a violation of only the integrity of the bone, but does not affect the surrounding tissues, including the skin. In turn, a closed fracture can be numerous (when more than one bone breaks or one, but in several places) and single (fracture of one bone in one place).
- An open fracture is accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the skin and rupture of the surrounding soft tissues. However, there are situations when a fracture occurs inside, and then, after a while, the skin is torn. In this case, the injury is already diagnosed as an open fracture.
Fractures and Dislocations: First Aid
Many, faced with a situation where a person is injured, and knowledge of emergency care is zero, they simply pass by. Therefore, you need to be familiar with elementary methodsadminister first aid to an injured person until emergency assistance arrives.
The concept and classification of dislocations and fractures will determine the type of injury. For example, when a limb is broken, the first step is to fix it. To do this, you can take any stick, rail, board or any other object that will help fix the limb in one position. It is necessary to attach an object to the leg (if it is broken) and wrap it in a circular motion with a piece of cloth or bandage. Then wait for the ambulance to arrive.
If the arm is broken, you need to fasten it around the victim's neck with a handkerchief, scarf or bandage. If a person most likely has a broken vertebra, it cannot be moved. It's better to wait for the ambulance to arrive. Otherwise, you can cause even more harm and aggravate the injury. If it is not possible to provide first aid on your own, and you need to wait a long time for the arrival of doctors, you can turn to passers-by or the nearest medical center for help.
Symptoms of fractures
The main signs of fractures include:
- swelling of soft tissues at the site of injury;
- severe pain in the area of the alleged fracture;
- if a limb is damaged, it is difficult to move it;
- during palpation (it is undesirable to do it yourself), bone fragments are felt;
- presence of a hematoma on the affected limb or other part of the body;
Now you know the approximate classification of dislocations and fractures.
Dislocated teeth
The concept and classification of dislocations has many definitions, among whichThere are also dislocations of the teeth. They usually occur as a result of a strong mechanical impact on the tooth. With such an injury, a tooth is displaced. In addition, the periodontium is often damaged.
According to the classification, tooth dislocations are:
- full;
- partial;
- beaten.
Such injuries are treated like other types of dislocations. First, an x-ray is performed, then a visit, in this case, to the dentist. Then the restoration of the tooth. If the dislocation is impacted, the tooth will often fall back into place on its own over time.
Causes of tooth dislocation
To the root causes of such an injury, experts include:
- Poor-quality dental treatment. Most often - the removal of molar teeth.
- Trying to bite something hard. For example, cracking a walnut with your teeth, opening a bottle with a metal cap.
- A strong side impact to the jaw can also cause tooth dislocation.
If the impact on the tooth was so strong that the root is damaged, then most likely this tooth will have to be removed.
Symptoms of a dislocated tooth
You can recognize a dislocated tooth by its reeling and pain with minimal tongue touch. It happens that the soreness of a damaged tooth is so strong that a person cannot eat at all. The gum near the injured tooth swells and bleeds.
Also, dislocation can be determined by the position in which a person becomes easier. If the tooth does not hurt when the mouth is open, and a sharp pain is felt when the mouth is closed, then 99% of100 that this is a dislocation of the tooth. After all, when closing the mouth, neighboring teeth press on the injured tooth. This can provoke severe pain.
With this type of injury, the patient is prescribed a liquid diet in order to protect the damaged tooth from stress as much as possible. After two weeks, a person can gradually begin to eat mashed foods, liquid cereals and mashed soups.
