Mural sinusitis is a serious chronic disease characterized by thickening of the mucous membrane, accompanied by a violation of the outflow of fluid and many other unpleasant consequences.
What causes this ailment? What symptoms indicate its presence? Is it possible to get rid of this disease forever? Well, these and many other questions are now worth trying to answer.
Etiology
Mural sinusitis, being an inflammatory pathology of the maxillary sinus, does not develop as an independent pathology. It is a consequence of acute processes occurring in the nasopharynx and nose. It can occur both on one side and on both sides at once.
The trigger of the disease is untreated sinusitis or rhinitis, and also the lack of sanitation of the upper respiratory tract. Because of this, bacterial mucus accumulates in the sinuses and stagnates in them. Such conditions are ideal for initiating structural changes in the mucosa.
Reasons
Single-sided or double-sided wallsinusitis occurs due to the introduction of infectious agents. Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is usually provoked by such pathogens:
- Mycoplasma.
- Staphylococci.
- Mushrooms.
- Chlamydia.
- Streptococci.
- Hemophilus influenzae.
Right-sided or left-sided parietal sinusitis begins to form after a person has been ill with some acute disease. These include:
- Adenoiditis.
- Rhinitis.
- Nasopharyngitis.
- Sinusitis.
- Tonsillitis.
People with chronic allergies are most at risk of getting this form of sinusitis. Also, the inner wall of the maxillary sinus can be deformed against the background of the so-called constitutional anomalies. These include:
- Deviated nasal septum.
- Growth of cartilage tissue.
- Narrowed nasal passages.
- Polyps in the mucosa.
Mechanical and barotrauma, weakened immunity, hypovitaminosis, adenoids, caries and long-term use of certain medications can also affect the development of the disease.
Disease development
Mural sinusitis is primarily characterized by thickening of the mucous membrane. Here's what's going on:
- Fistulas swell.
- Disturbed gas exchange and fluid drainage.
- The sinuses are rapidly clogging.
- Pathogenic bacteria begin to multiply intensively.
At first, a person does notdraws attention to the sensations that accompany all of these processes. Many perceive them as symptoms of a cold, and therefore ignore them, believing that they will pass by themselves.
But the condition worsens (some even aggravate it with self-medication), and as a result, the disease becomes chronic. With it, people are already going to the doctor, because progressive parietal sinusitis delivers tangible discomfort, significantly worsening the quality of life.
Clinical picture
Before talking about how to relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa, it is necessary to discuss the signs of the disease. Here is what the clinical picture looks like with this ailment:
- Maxillary sinus swelling.
- The ciliary layer increases, the relief begins to smooth out.
- The mucous membrane becomes thicker and denser. Its surface is covered with difficult to separate, thick sputum.
- Mucus with purulent impurities begins to appear.
- The sinuses are gradually getting clogged.
- Over time, rhinorrhea occurs with purulent contents.
- The upper jaw begins to hurt and radiate to the superciliary arches, frontal part of the head, temples.
- There is swelling of the cheeks, lower and upper eyelids, nose.
- Respiratory failure occurs.
In especially severe cases, the middle ear often becomes inflamed, congestion occurs, and hearing deteriorates.
Symptoms
The processes that occur with the human body were listed above,faced with the disease in question. Now you should list the symptoms of parietal sinusitis. All of the above is accompanied by the following manifestations:
- Alternating stuffy nose. Occurs on the affected side. There is no permanent congestion.
- Severe headaches, which become even more unbearable when bending over and sudden movements.
- Periodically arising in the area of the wings of the nose, temples and bridge of the nose.
- Muddy white liquid nasal discharge. If left untreated, they become thick and viscous.
- Puffiness in the eyelids and cheeks.
- Impaired ability to work and increased fatigue.
- Dry cough that becomes chronic over time. Intensifies in the morning, the cause of which is stagnant processes.
- Feeling of heaviness, concentrating in the maxillary sinuses. It also increases when the head is tilted.
- Weakened, poor appetite.
- Impaired sense of smell (may disappear altogether).
- Failure.
- Emotional instability.
Also, hyperplastic sinusitis is often accompanied by an increase in temperature to subfebrile values (about 37.5°C). During periods of exacerbations, the patient begins to be disturbed by lacrimation and photophobia, and the secretion of mucus in the sinuses and nose becomes particularly intense.
Diagnosis
Competent treatment of parietal sinusitis can only be prescribed by a doctor. All methods and means of therapy are selected on an individual basis.order after diagnosis.
The first step is to collect an anamnesis with further rhinoscopy - the doctor examines the nasal passages using artificial lighting and special mirrors.
Palpation of the outer part of the wings, nose and vestibule is carried out beforehand. On rhinoscopy, it is possible to determine the condition and color of the mucosa, existing structural changes, and assess the integrity. As a rule, mild hyperemia and pallor of the epithelium, as well as too thin circulatory network and puffiness, usually indicate parietal sinusitis. In addition to the above, an assessment is also made of the nature and amount of exudate.
Instrumental studies
After completing the above activities, an endoscopy is prescribed. An image is projected onto the monitor, which is then studied, and based on the information received, pathological changes, the presence of various neoplasms in the nose, and how severe the inflammation is determined.
Also, with parietal sinusitis, the patient must be sent for x-rays. Here's what this method allows you to find out:
- Decrease in maxillary sinus pneumatization.
- The condition of the orbits of the eyes and facial bones.
- Mural darkening of the sinuses.
Usually, after an X-ray, there are no questions left. But, if the situation is still not clarified, a computed tomography is prescribed. This is a very informative diagnostic method. Thanks to CT, it is possible to examine in detail all the structural changes in the sinuses, to identify inflammation, induration, deformity, etc.
BIn very rare cases, an MRI is prescribed. The indication for its implementation is the presence of neoplasms and constitutional anomalies.
Specific therapy
With parietal sinusitis, conservative treatment is prescribed. An integrated approach is also very important, including sanitation of the sinuses, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics (according to the doctor's indications).
Before using local pharmacological preparations, it is important to thoroughly rinse the sinuses and nose from accumulated sputum. Disinfection is carried out using solutions based on sea s alt. These are Humer, Aqua Maris, Saline, No-Sol. Saline solution is also suitable - 9% NaCl.
To eliminate swelling, restore the patency of the upper respiratory tract, you need to take antihistamines. The doctor usually prescribes Cetirizine, Tavegil, Desloratadine and Loratadine.
Antibiotics have to be taken if laboratory methods have confirmed the presence of an infection in the sinuses. For oral administration, penicillins (Amoxicillin or Amoxiclav) or macrolides (Azithromycin) are prescribed.
With severe pain, which is sometimes accompanied by parietal sinusitis, a person has to take Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Nise and Nimesil. These anti-inflammatory drugs help to quickly relieve discomfort.
Nose drops
Without their use, the treatment of the disease in question is not complete. And so nowit is worth talking about which nose drops from sinusitis are the most effective.
During an exacerbation, drugs such as Nazivin, Xymelin, Galazolin and Naphthyzin help to cope with unpleasant symptoms.
Polydex and Isofra sprays are used to provide a local effect on the bacterial flora.
In thinning and subsequent removal of viscous mucus, homeopathic remedies "Sinupret" and "Euphorbium Compositum" help well.
In especially severe cases, the use of hormonal drugs is indicated. The most effective nose drops from sinusitis from this group are Avamys and Nasonex, which are available in the form of nasal suspensions.
Physiotherapy
It is also often resorted to in order to cure sinusitis. Here are the most popular methods:
- Impact with pulsed currents (diadynamic therapy).
- Mud warm poultices or applications.
- Treatment with electric currents.
- Electrophoresis.
- Phototherapy.
- UHF therapy.
- Laser treatment.
- EHF-therapy.
- Heat treatments.
- Ultrasound treatment.
Each method is good in its own way. However, all methods, like medications, have contraindications. Therefore, before using one of them, you must consult with your doctor so as not to harm yourself.
Cyclamen juice cleanses the sinuses of purulent contents, while stopping the headache. After instillation of 2 drops of juice, sneezing, coughing beginsand fever, the patient sweats profusely. All day long yellow-green mucus will be discharged from the nose.
Folk remedies
It is worth talking about their use in the end. Many people are concerned about whether it is possible to warm the nose with s alt during sinusitis? After all, this is the most popular folk remedy. Yes, you can, but only if this method is approved by the otolaryngologist. Because heat applied at the wrong time can provoke increased reproduction of bacteria and the development of complications.
And if a person received a positive answer from the doctor to the question of whether it is possible to warm the nose with s alt for sinusitis, he still needs to take a responsible approach to this process. First, it is heated in a pan (3-4 minutes, no more). Then they spread it on a dry, clean cloth (not terry!) and apply it to the sinuses. Use for 15-20 minutes, stop if you feel a strong burning sensation. By the way, you need to use coarse sea s alt.
Inhalations based on herbal decoctions are also common. A combination of plantain, mint, lemon balm and celandine is popular, you can also try to combine raspberries, eucalyptus and calendula. Inhalation on a decoction of hawthorn, oregano and blackcurrant leaves helps well.
It is also recommended to lubricate the mucous membrane with rosehip or sea buckthorn oil. Three times a day daily is enough, this is enough to alleviate the discomfort a little.
Oil menthol drops also have a good effect, which perfectly cleanse the nasal passages and eliminate puffiness.
People who have had sinusitis respond well, andabout cyclamen juice. This is not only a tool that can quickly clear the sinuses from purulent contents. It also helps to get rid of headaches. After instillation of juice (you need 2 drops in each nostril), increased sneezing, fever and coughing begin, sweating increases. Green-yellow mucus will be discharged from the nose all day long.
There are many folk remedies. But before using any of them, it is extremely important to consult a doctor. It may not be appropriate to use them.
