Most of humanity has experienced gum problems at least once in their lives. Many do not pay attention to them. If you follow this principle, then you can soon be left without teeth at all or experience pains that you have not yet felt. In this article, we will analyze the symptoms of periodontitis, treatment and causes of its occurrence. Periodontitis is an acute gum disease that can progress to a more acute stage called periodontal disease if not properly treated.
In scientific and medical terms, this is an inflammatory disease of the support-retaining apparatus of the tooth, which includes root cement, fibrous periodontium, socket bone and gum.
Periodontitis can be noticed very easily. In people suffering from this disease, the symptoms of periodontitis can be found in the form of plaque and stones due to poor oral care. There is tooth play (i.e. mobility) andexposing their necks. Often, such diseases are accompanied by bleeding and bad breath. Let's find out the cause of this disease in humans.
Reasons for appearance
The real main reason for the appearance of periodontal symptoms is inadequate oral care, as a result of which many harmful microorganisms accumulate on the surface of the enamel, which contribute to the appearance of plaque.
Dentists identify groups of people most susceptible to such diseases:
- Weak immune system.
- Bad habits.
- Mistake.
- Untreated caries.
- Metabolic disorders in periodontal tissues.
- Lack of vitamins and minerals.
It is important not to start the treatment of the initial stages of periodontitis, as the next stage will be very difficult. Symptoms of chronic periodontitis are mainly manifested in people with untreated caries or mechanical damage to the teeth. Hereditary predisposition to this disease is not excluded.
Symptomatics
Prescribed treatment and symptoms of periodontitis depend on the severity of the disease. They are divided into light, medium and heavy forms. According to the duration of the course - chronic and acute, and according to the place of occurrence - localized and generalized.
The acute form of periodontitis is considered the most common form compared to other types. If you do not seek help in time,to a specialist or not attach any importance to it, then it can be complicated to the following symptoms:
- Increased gum bleeding with little contact with them;
- pronounced plaque and the appearance of tartar;
- Increased tooth mobility;
- redness of soft tissues;
- exposing the neck of the tooth.
Describe in more detail the disease of periodontal pockets between the root of the tooth and the gum. In periodontitis, they may contain stones, pus, and blood clots. If the periodontal pocket is up to 4 mm, and there is no strong mobility of the teeth, then this is an easy stage. At the stage when pockets form from 4 to 6 mm and there is noticeable mobility, then this is the middle stage. This stage is also characterized by the fact that in the areas where the tubules are located, extremely unpleasant pain and bleeding of the gums are felt. There may be an unpleasant odor from the mouth. The depth of the pocket more than 6 mm indicates that the patient has a complex form of the course of the disease. Backlash of teeth can occur in all directions, as well as loss of soft tissue between them. The gums bleed at the slightest contact with them, and there are very strong painful sensations.
Above, we divided the types of periodontitis into localized and generalized. Let's look at both cases in more detail.
Localized
The name of the species comes from the word "localization", that is, it has a specific location. Inflammation of this type does not completely cover the dentition, but is located withinseveral teeth. Most often, the causes are malocclusion or trauma, poor-quality work of the dentist when filling or prosthetics of the tooth.
Despite the fact that only one tooth socket is affected, often the cause of the disease is caries that develops from another tooth, which borders the gum. Injuries occur when sharp pieces of food get caught between the teeth. In many cases, trying to pick out this most unfortunate piece of food, we use dental floss or a toothpick. This is when gum injury occurs.
Symptoms of localized periodontitis:
- Feeling loose teeth.
- Eating discomfort.
- Food getting between teeth causing sharp pains.
- Consolidation or thinning of the diseased gum area.
- The appearance of periodontal pockets that become inflamed when food, water, etc. enter them.
- Weakening and damage to tissues adjacent to the tooth. Subsequently, it may lead to its removal.
Generalized
This is a more serious form of gum disease as it involves two arches at once, which means almost the entire mouth.
Symptoms of generalized periodontitis:
- Gingivitis leading to complete destruction of the tissues surrounding the tooth.
- Pathology of periodontal pockets.
- Weakened bones.
- Very strong tooth mobility leading to tooth loss.
- Sharp pain, severe bleeding at the base of the tooth.
- The manifestation of dental flux inas a result of infection in the periodontal pocket.
- The formation of a periodontal pocket, from which the name "periodontitis" comes.
Inflammation of the periodontium has different types of the course of the disease, mainly there are three options for its development:
- Fracture of the outside of the tooth.
- The manifestation of an inflammatory process along the space between the bone and the root of the tooth, resulting in a deepening and increase in bone pockets.
- Spread of inflammation in the periosteum, which form pus in the periodontal pocket during bone resorption.
All these processes can proceed both in isolation and in combination with each other.
To reveal how far things have gone in terms of defeat, you can use x-rays. An X-ray photo of the symptoms of periodontitis will show how much tooth tissue is destroyed from a quarter to the length of the entire root.
Diseases resulting from periodontitis
Periodontitis can occur and not in an isolated form. It can both affect nearby areas of the oral cavity, and weaken the body as a whole. For example, if an infection resulting from periodontitis enters the pulp, then it can provoke its inflammation, that is, pulpitis. With frequent relapses of the disease, inflammation and bone tissue in the form of osteomyelitis may occur. In rare cases, periodontitis is complicated by soft tissue inflammation.
People often confuse two diseases that have the same roots in words - periodontitis and periodontal disease.
What's the differencebetween periodontitis and periodontal disease?
These concepts have a number of differences from each other, but it is not for nothing that these two words have the same roots. The fact is that a number of symptoms of periodontitis coincide with the symptoms of periodontal disease.
Characteristics of periodontitis
- Inflammatory process in the gums, accompanied by acute pain and attacks.
- Most often, the location covers about one or two teeth.
- Bouts of severe bleeding that won't stop.
- The appearance of purulent formations in periodontal pockets due to which their increase occurs.
- Shaky teeth already at the initial stage of inflammation.
- During eating, clear manifestations of swelling and swelling of the gums, as a result of which the patient experiences severe pain.
- If left untreated, tooth loss within 2-3 years of disease onset.
And what is characteristic of periodontal disease?
- No inflammation.
- Generalized symptomatology that extends to the entire upper or entire lower jaw. Rarely there are cases with lesions of the entire oral cavity.
- During brushing, gums become weak and bleed.
- Tooth loss can occur after a fairly long period of time - from 10 to 12 years.
- Gum swelling is rare and only occurs in the very advanced stages of the disease.
- Unlike periodontitis, the presence of periodontal pockets is not at allnecessarily. Even if they have formed, there will be no particular problems with their cleaning.
- Severe tooth sensitivity when eating too cold or hot food.
- The formation of wedge-shaped defects that form on the basal areas of the teeth.
Treatment
Treatment of symptoms of periodontitis depends on the degree and form of inflammation. In severe form, you should immediately seek medical help, in general, as with any other disease associated with the oral cavity. After consultation with a specialist, a course of treatment will be prescribed. If necessary, surgical intervention will be performed in the form of removal of teeth or a section of the gum. To know what to expect, you can see a photo of the treatment of symptoms of periodontitis. X-ray diagnostics will be prescribed for a more thorough study of the disease. In recent years, at the mildest stage of the disease, it is possible to fight with the help of ultrasonic cleaning of the stone and plaque from the surface of the teeth. It is fundamental in the fight against periodontitis. If you do not resort to the treatment of symptoms of periodontitis in time, relapse is inevitable in most cases. But even after carrying out this kind of procedure, you should not relax, you need to learn how to care for the oral cavity. The next step is actions aimed at relieving inflammation and reducing bleeding, swelling and excessive soreness of the gums. It is divided into two directions:
- Topical treatment.
- Systemic treatment.
- Surgical.
Local
The essence of this treatment is that the infection is washed out with the help of special antiseptic solutions and gel applications. Procedures can be performed both at home and in the hospital. They need to be performed for 10 days, with a frequency of 2 times a day. Do not forget that in the initial stages, periodontitis is treated at home without any problems.
System
A dentist prescribes a prescription for medicines for a certain period of time. The drugs are prescribed both in the form of ampoules for intramuscular injections, and in the form of tablets. Usually the duration of treatment is at least 10 days. In the initial stages, the treatment of periodontitis with antibiotics goes very well, which cannot be said about the severe scenario of the development of the disease.
As a treatment for periodontitis, physiotherapy can be prescribed. But it will only help to get rid of the symptoms, not the disease itself.
Surgical
Surgical intervention is recommended for patients with deep periodontal pockets and significant root exposure. It is prescribed for the ineffectiveness of the first two types of treatment. Often, standard gingivectomy (excision of part of the affected gum), curettage of bone pockets (washing and removal of stones, followed by treatment with drugs) and patchwork operations are often performed. To heal the bone tissue, the periodontal canals are filled with a special material. The method of tissue regeneration is also often used. The bottom line is that collagen or synthetic membranes fill parts of bone tissue,which are resorbed under the influence of periodontitis. The symptoms and treatment of periodontitis in children are similar to those in adults. Only in very young children this disease was transmitted in the genome, and in older children - due to improper care of the oral cavity and loss of milk teeth. There are also many ways to cope with such an unpleasant ailment. For example, depulping and splinting.
Depulping
This is an operation in which the dental nerve, called the pulp, is removed. The reason for using this kind of action is the need to prevent the pathology of soft dental tissues. Also referred to as indications:
- Pulpitis.
- Caries that swallowed almost the entire tooth.
- Periodontitis.
- The negative effect of drugs and acids on the pulp.
- Tooth root pain.
- Opening of the neurovascular bundle as a result of trauma, chipping or medical error during treatment.
With periodontitis, it is used in cases:
- Formation of deep periodontal canals, the depth of which reaches two thirds of the tooth root.
- The need for tooth extraction, for prosthetics.
- Atrophying more than half of the length of the bone root.
After depulpation of the tooth, its mobility decreases, signs of inflammation are removed. After this operation, home treatment is prescribed to eliminate the symptoms of periodontitis.
Splinting
This procedure allowsfasten your teeth together. Thanks to temporary tires, the dentition is tightly fixed, and thus the chewing load is transferred from the teeth to the jaws. With periodontitis, when the neck of the tooth is exposed, their mobility increases. This procedure is used if the patient has a second or third degree of tooth mobility. Treatment of periodontitis symptoms with drugs will continue to enhance the effect of splints.
Tires can be installed in different ways. We list the main ones:
- Immobilization with fiberglass. The advantages of this method are invisibility and maximum painlessness.
- Cable-stayed look, made using aramid thread, which allows you to firmly fix the teeth.
- The clasp view is the strengthening of the back wall of the teeth with the help of an arcuate metal frame. The advantages of this method are that the iron frame is very strong and able to withstand high chewing loads.
- There are special crowns that qualitatively splint teeth with periodontal disease. In order to put a crown, you need to make a special design for close grinding of teeth. The material can be either metal or ceramic.
If such an operation is carried out in time, it will correct the problem and make life easier for a person.
Traditional medicine
Of course, if you suffer from hellish pain, it is best to treat the symptoms of periodontitis with antibiotics. But at the initial stage, you can get by with rinsing decoctions from dry flowers of calendula, sage, St. John's wort,daisies and lindens. The cooking method is quite simple. Dissolve a tablespoon of the mixture in one cup of boiling water and leave to brew for an hour, then strain. As for folk remedies, the following methods have proven themselves from the best side:
- Lotions of sea buckthorn oil.
- Propolis tincture soaked in alcohol.
- Very strong black tea with a very small clove of garlic.
- Rinse with a solution of sea s alt and soda.
All procedures are recommended to be performed after brushing your teeth and gums, 2-3 times a day. To clearly see how they are performed, you can watch a video or photo of the treatment of symptoms of periodontitis.
In the event that you had to endure this inflammation by an unfortunate accident, do not rush to get upset. With proper care of the oral cavity, periodontitis can be avoided. Keep an eye on the condition of your gums and teeth, go through a preventive examination every six months and, if the situation requires it, carry out medical procedures in time that will not allow bacteria to reign in your gums.
