Lipidogram is a blood test that allows you to find out the state of lipid (fat) metabolism in the body. This name refers to a number of blood tests for lipid metabolism. The blood lipid profile includes several indicators. They are important for assessing the risk of possible occurrence of atherosclerosis, ischemia and the state of the cardiovascular system as a whole.
What indicators are included in the lipid profile?
This study includes the following parameters:
- total cholesterol;
- high-density lipoproteins (HDL);
- low density lipoproteins (LDL);
- triglycerides;
- atherogenic coefficient.
Why take a lipid profile?
So, lipidogram - what is it and why is such a study needed?
- Allows you to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- To monitor the course of treatment in dynamics in coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and kidney disease.
- If there were problems with hypercholesterolemia, heart attacks or strokes in the family, preferably periodicallytake a lipid profile test to prevent the development of such he alth problems.
- This study allows monitoring of lipid-lowering diet and treatment.
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a vital substance. He takes part in the formation of all cell membranes, the synthesis of hormones and the formation of bile. Cholesterol is high density and low. In the people, these fractions are called good and bad cholesterol. So it is precisely an excess of low-density cholesterol that can lead to the development of atherosclerosis. It is he who is called bad, or sticky, because of his ability to settle on the walls of blood vessels and form atherosclerotic plaques. Lipidogram - what is it? This study is a marker of the possible development of atherosclerosis.
Triglycerides
Triglycerides (TG) are complex organic compounds of fatty acids and esters of glycerol, which belong to the class of lipids. They are the main component of nutrition and a source of energy for the body. But an excess of this indicator refers to risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis.
Atherogenic coefficient (CA)
This coefficient allows you to determine the degree of risk of possible development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It shows the ratio of atherogenic and anti-atherogenic blood fractions. To calculate CA, it is enough to divide the difference between total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol by HDL.
How to interpret the indicatorKA?
- If the CA value is less than 3, then the risk of atherosclerosis is minimal.
- With CA from 3 to 4 - the degree of development of coronary artery disease or atherosclerosis is high.
- If KA is 5 or higher, this fact indicates that coronary artery disease or atherosclerosis is already present, and this, in turn, increases the likelihood of developing heart and brain diseases (heart attack, stroke), as well as kidney disease and limb thrombosis.
What is hypercholesterolemia?
Hypercholesterolemia, or high cholesterol, manifests itself with hyperlipidemia - an increased content of lipids (fats) in the blood. It doesn't show up outwardly. In order to find out the level of cholesterol and its fractions (LDL, HDL, triglycerides, atherogenic coefficient), it is necessary to do an analysis such as a lipidogram. What is it and what to do if the results are above the norm, we will understand in this article.
In he althy people, most often, lipid profile indicators increase due to dietary errors or with increased synthesis of internal (endogenous) cholesterol.
What foods can increase blood cholesterol?
The bulk of these are products of animal origin. These include:
- All sausages.
- Fatty meats (goose, duck, pork, etc.).
- Strong rich broths.
- Chicken eggs, duck eggs, etc. (the yolk is especially rich in cholesterol).
- All types of mayonnaise (even the so-called lean mayonnaise).
- Fattydairy products (cream, butter, sour cream, milk).
- Black and red caviar of noble varieties of fish.
- All pastries (cakes, pastries, cookies, etc.).
The way food is cooked also affects the level of cholesterol in foods. So, steamed or oven-baked dishes contain much less bad cholesterol than those fried in large amounts of oil or lard.
Reasons for increased synthesis of endogenous cholesterol
- At the age of 50-55 years, the synthesis of endogenous low-density cholesterol often increases.
- Decreased levels of sex hormones in women (menopause).
- Various inflammatory processes occurring in the cells of the liver or in the bile ducts increase the synthesis of cholesterol.
Lipidogram: decoding in adults. Norma
Normal values for this study are shown in the table below.
| Indicators | Norma | Units of measure |
| Cholesterol | 3, 0-5, 2 | mmol/L |
| HDL (women) | >1, 4 | mmol/l |
| HDL (men) | >1, 69 | mmol/L |
| LDL | <3, 9 | mmol/L |
| Triglycerides | 0, 14-0.83 | mmol/L |
| Atherogenic coefficient | <3 | --------- |
FromThis table shows that in such a study as a lipidogram, the norm in women differs only in terms of high density lipoproteins, and all other data do not have gender differences.
Why is high cholesterol dangerous?
Increased levels of cholesterol in the blood inevitably lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the lumen of blood vessels, and this, in turn, can lead to the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as:
- Hypertension, which is characterized by a prolonged increase in blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg. Art., this is a consequence of a decrease in the diameter of the lumen of the renal arteries due to the plaques formed in them. In addition, the plaques themselves are capable of producing substances that increase blood pressure.
- IHD (ischemic heart disease), which develops as a result of the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the lumen of the coronary arteries. These arteries supply the heart muscle. Due to the narrowing of the lumen of these arteries, the heart suffers from a lack of oxygen, which is manifested by pain of a pressing nature.
- Cerebral atherosclerosis occurs as a result of lesions of atherosclerotic plaques in the vessels of the brain. This can be manifested by dizzy spells, memory impairment, tinnitus, or poor sleep.
How to take a blood lipid profile?
This analysis is done in a biochemical laboratory. Blood for its implementation is taken from a vein in the treatment room. Blood is taken in the morning on an empty stomach. the day beforeit is advisable not to eat fatty foods, salads with mayonnaise, dinner should not be too late.
Determination of lipids in feces
Analysis for the detection of fats (lipids) in feces is called the fecal lipid profile. Such a study allows you to determine the effectiveness of the pancreas and identify diseases in which its functions are impaired.
This study includes:
- Total lipid content.
- Non-esterified (free) fatty acids.
- Monoglycerides, which are formed by the breakdown of phospholipids and triglycerides.
- Diglycerides are also released from the breakdown of phospholipids and triglycerides by lipase.
- Cholestenon - formed from cholesterol in the large intestine with the participation of enzymes secreted by the microbial flora.
- Coprosterol - also formed from cholesterol in the large intestine.
- Coprastanone - this substance is formed with the participation of microbial flora.
Almost all of these indicators are expressed as a percentage. The rates are shown in the table below:
| Test name | Norma | Units of measure |
| Common lipids | 605-673 | mg/dl |
| Non-esterified (free) fatty acids | 17, 0-20, 5 | % |
| Triglycerides | 10, 2-13, 4 | % |
| Monoglycerides | 0, 0-0, 0 | % |
| Diglycerides | 3, 6-4, 6 | % |
| Phospholipids | 13, 6-!5, 5 | % |
| Cholestenon | 33, 3-35 | % |
| Coprosterol | 0, 0-0, 0 | % |
| Coprostanone | 18, 0-21, 0 | % |
Causes of increased lipid levels in feces
There are only three main reasons for increasing the percentage of lipids in feces:
- Insufficient production of lipase by the pancreas. Lipase breaks down fats (lipids) in the large intestine.
- Inadequate supply of bile to the large intestine. Bile activates the enzyme lipase and thus takes part in the breakdown of lipids in the large intestine.
- Poor patency of the lymphatic pathways through which fat is absorbed can also lead to the detection of elevated lipids in the large intestine.
Increased intestinal peristalsis can also cause high fat content in feces. In this case, undigested food passes through the small intestine too quickly, and lipids, like other food components, simply do not have time to be absorbed in it.
The feces for this study are sent to the laboratory, and the drugs taken by the patient are indicated, which can affect the result of the study. The intake of these medications is agreed with the doctor.
Lipidogram - what is it? We found. Now we know that the lipidogram can be not only blood, but also stool. Let's dwell on the cost of theseresearch.
Lipidogram ("BLUE"). Price
Synevo is a European network of laboratories located in Central and Eastern Europe. There are such laboratories in Russia. An analysis such as a lipid profile of cholesterol will cost around 1,300 rubles.
