The drug "Diclofenac" has a complex effect, having anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. Due to this, it is one of the most popular drugs, as it is used as a symptomatic therapy. Its action is aimed at the rapid and effective reduction of the inflammatory process, as well as the elimination of pain. But the action of "Diclofenac" has a downside. If you ignore the rules for the use and dosages of the drug, the drug has a devastating effect on the mucous membrane of the digestive organs, provoking the development of serious complications. Therefore, it is worth figuring out how to use the drug correctly, depending on its form of release.
Composition and release form
"Diclofenac" is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID),which is a derivative of phenylacetic acid. The active ingredient of the drug is diclofenac sodium, which gave the name to the drug. In addition, the composition of the drug contains additional components that enhance its effect, and also contribute to the correct distribution in the composition of the drug.
Additional substances may vary depending on the formulation of the drug.
These include:
- starch;
- methylparaben;
- ethanol;
- dimethyl sulfoxide;
- carbomer;
- propylene glycol;
- sodium hydroxide;
- calcium phosphate;
- magnesium stearate;
- glycerin;
- disodium edetat.
The drug is available in different forms, which allows you to choose the most suitable option, depending on the disease.
The main forms of "Diclofenac" with the content of the active ingredient in the medicine:
- tablets (25, 50 mg);
- injection solution (25 mg/1 ml);
- rectal suppositories (50, 100mg);
- external ointments (10.50mg/1g);
- eye drops (1 mg/1 ml).
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
"Diclofenac", like all NSAIDs, is characterized by a pronounced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. And also the medicine has a moderate antipyretic property. The mechanism of action of "Diclofenac" is based on the suppression of the synthesis of prostaglandins. Also, the drug prevents platelet aggregation.
When taking the drug, the pain syndrome is reduced,morning stiffness and swelling of the joints, as well as their functionality improves. The use of the drug during the rehabilitation period after surgery and injury reduces unpleasant symptoms during movement and during rest.
The active component of the drug quickly penetrates into the blood plasma. Its maximum concentration is fixed 1-2 hours after application. Communication with blood proteins is 99%.
Diclofenac sodium has a high level of penetration into tissues and into the biological fluid that fills the voids of the joints. The highest concentration is reached after 4 hours after ingestion. The use of the drug after a meal slows down the action of the drug, but does not affect its effectiveness. Bioavailability is 5%.
The half-life is 1-6 hours depending on the form of the drug. About 30% is excreted in the feces, while the rest is metabolized in the liver and excreted through the kidneys.
The advantage of "Diclofenac" is that it is not addictive and does not affect the breath, but it has a quick and strong effect.
Indications
The action of "Diclofenac" does not affect the development of the disease, the medicine only reduces unpleasant symptoms. Therefore, it is permissible to use it only as part of complex therapy on the recommendation of the attending physician. After stopping the inflammatory process, you should not drink the drug.
Main indications for use:
- rheumatic diseases;
- arthritis variousetiology;
- Ankylosing spondylitis;
- osteochondrosis;
- pain in the spine;
- gynecological diseases accompanied by pain and inflammation (adnexitis, primary dysmenorrhea);
- aggravation of gout;
- rehabilitation after injury, surgery.
It is acceptable to use as an addition to the main treatment for severe inflammation of the upper respiratory tract (otitis media, pharyngotonsillitis) to reduce pain.
Using "Diclofenac" purely as an antipyretic is not recommended.
Contraindications
Before using the medicine, you must carefully study the annotation attached to it. It is especially important to take into account the contraindications and side effects of Diclofenac, which will help to avoid serious he alth complications.
It is forbidden to use the medicine:
- with individual intolerance to at least one of the components that make up the drug;
- intestinal or stomach ulcer;
- liver, kidney failure;
- Crohn's disease;
- coronary heart disease;
- hematopoietic disorders;
- ulcerative colitis;
- severe, congestive heart failure.
It is strictly forbidden to use "Diclofenac" after coronary artery bypass grafting.
All forms of release of "Diclofenac" also have age restrictions for admission, but more accurate information is given below, when describing each separately.
"Diclofenac": instruction,side effects
Ignoring existing contraindications, as well as exceeding the allowable daily dosage, provokes the development of side effects. Therefore, it is forbidden to resort to self-medication, since only the attending physician is able to determine the level of danger from taking the medicine, depending on the individual characteristics of the patient.
With long-term therapy, the following side effects of Diclofenac are observed:
- dizziness;
- migraine;
- limb tremor;
- rash;
- urticaria.
When warning signs appear, you should consult a doctor to find a replacement for this drug. In addition, the use of "Diclofenac" exacerbates hemorrhoids, and also increases the risk of myocardial infarction.
Special instructions for use:
- Elderly people should take this medicine with caution, starting with the minimum daily dosage;
- adjustment of the norm is necessary for patients suffering from liver and kidney failure, as it is possible to increase the concentration of the active component in the body;
- when taking medication for a long time, blood composition should be monitored;
- women who are planning a pregnancy and undergoing fertility treatment are advised to stop taking this drug;
- During the entire course of therapy, driving and work requiring high concentration of attention should be avoided;
- for diabetes, coronary disease and brain diseasestherapy should be carried out under the supervision of a physician.
Pills
The tablet form of the drug is intended for adults and children over 14 years of age. Reception is recommended during and after meals, drinking plenty of water.
The doctor prescribes the daily dosage and course of administration, depending on the severity of the disease, the course of the inflammatory process and the body's response to the drug. Any self-medication threatens with serious complications.
Biconvex tablets are film-coated with a light or dark orange tint. Irregularities of the film coating are permissible, which is not a defect. The medication should be taken as a whole, without violating the integrity of the membrane.
In order to reduce the likelihood of side effects of Diclofenac tablets, it is recommended to take the medicine at the lowest effective dosage at the beginning of therapy.
The daily norm for adults is 100-150 mg, which should be drunk in 3 doses every 3-4 hours. To achieve the therapeutic effect of Diclofenac tablets with mild symptoms and long-term treatment, it is enough to drink 75-100 mg per day.
Injectable solution
This form of the drug is available as a clear yellow solution packaged in 2 ml glass ampoules. Each of them contains 50 mg of the active ingredient.
Solution for intramuscular injection can be purchased without a doctor's prescription. suitable for adults andadolescents over 16.
In addition to general indications, the therapeutic effect of Diclofenac injections is used for injuries and sprains of tendons, muscles, joints, ligaments. In addition, the solution is prescribed as part of complex therapy for non-infectious conjunctivitis, with post-traumatic inflammation of the eyeball as a result of an operation to remove and implant the lens.
The therapeutic effect of the Diclofenac injection is achieved by injecting the solution into the upper region of the gluteal muscle. It is forbidden to use the medicine intravenously and subcutaneously. Before use, the solution should be warmed to body temperature by holding the ampoule in the palm of your hand for several minutes. This allows you to enhance the effect of the drug and accelerate the penetration of the active ingredient to the site of inflammation.
Throughout the course, injections should be alternately in one or the other buttock. The solution should be used 1 time per day, but as prescribed by the doctor, the one-time rate can be doubled. The course of therapy in most cases does not exceed 3 days, however, with a severe form of the disease, the course is extended.
To prevent side effects from Diclofenac injections, it is recommended to inject every other day, which will reduce the negative impact of the drug on the digestive organs and bile production.
Rectal suppositories
Rectal suppositories are intended for adults and children over 15 years of age. They are white or cream cylindric candles, inside of which there may be a porousa rod and a funnel-like recess. Medicines are dispensed by prescription.
The weight of one suppository is 2 g, the concentration of the active ingredient can be 5 and 10%. Each package of the drug contains 6-10 suppositories, which are located on a contour tablet.
In addition to the main indications of the candle "Diclofenac", the action of which is associated with the blocking of inflammatory mediators, is used in the treatment of:
- prostatitis;
- painful menses;
- inflammation of the appendages, ovaries;
- adnexitis;
- dysmenorrhea;
- hemorrhoids;
- back pain, lower back.
The effect of suppositories comes much faster compared to pills and injections, they have a strong analgesic effect and penetrate directly into the very focus of inflammation. The maximum concentration of the active ingredient is fixed 1 hour after administration.
Suppositories must be injected deep into the rectum immediately after defecation and microclysters. The treatment procedure is recommended to be carried out at night.
The action time of "Diclofenac" is 24 hours with the introduction of suppositories containing the active ingredient 100 mg. When using a drug of 50 mg, the drug should be administered twice a day every 12 hours. In a severe form of the disease, an increase in the daily rate to 150 mg is allowed.
The average duration of treatment is 5 days. But at the discretion of the attending physician, therapy can be continued. Side effects of suppositories"Diclofenac" is a slowdown in the speed of psychomotor reactions and a decrease in concentration.
The medicine should be stored at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees for 3 years from the date of issue. If the protective capsule was broken during storage, then the medicine cannot be used for treatment.
Ointment for external use
In this case, the medicine is a white ointment with a slight creamy tint with a slight specific odor. The drug is packaged in tubes of 30 g. The concentration of the active ingredient is 1 or 5%. Recommended for adults and children over 14 years of age.
Local action of Diclofenac ointment is used for various injuries of ligaments, joints, tendons, due to bruises, stretch marks and excessive physical exertion. It is also effective to use this form of medicine for localized rheumatoid inflammation.
When applying the ointment, the skin serves as a kind of "reservoir" for the accumulation of the drug, which is subsequently gradually released and penetrates into deeper inflamed areas. The concentration of the active ingredient in the blood when using the ointment is 100 times less than when taken orally.
It is recommended to apply the product 3-4 times a day. In this case, it should be lightly rubbed into the skin. The amount of ointment depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe inflamed area (2-4 g), the volume is equal to the size of a cherry, this is enough to distribute the product over 400-800 cm2 of area. The daily rate should not exceed 8 g. Durationuse prescribed by a doctor, but not more than 2 weeks with daily use.
The shelf life of the medicine is 2 years from the date of issue, while maintaining the integrity of the tube.
Eye drops
This form of "Diclofenac" is a clear solution with an active ingredient content of 0.1%. The tool is sold in special bottles equipped with a dropper-dispenser, which allows you to use the medicine without much difficulty.
Eye drops are for adults and children 2 years of age and older. The maximum concentration of diclofenac sodium is fixed in the conjunctiva and cornea 30 minutes after application. A significant concentration of the drug does not enter the systemic circulation.
Indication for the use of eye drops is:
- prevention of inflammation during cataract surgery (1 drop 3-5 times a day);
- reduction of pain and photophobia after keratectomy for 24 hours (1 drop 1 hour before and after surgery every half an hour, and then 1 drop 4 times a day);
- inhibition of miosis during surgery (1 drop every 30 minutes 2 hours before surgery and after 1 drop 3 times with the same time interval).
The duration of the course of therapy is prescribed by the doctor based on the individual characteristics of the patient.
Algorithm for the therapeutic procedure:
- Wash hands thoroughly.
- Remove the cap from the tube and cut off the tip of the dropper with scissors without damagingthread.
- Tilt your head back.
- Pull the lower eyelid down with your index finger, look up.
- Bring the tube of medicine to the eye, turn the case down and gently press it, drip 1 drop.
- Close the eye, pinch the inner corner of the eye for 1-2 minutes, which will prevent leakage of the medicine.
- Without opening your eyes, blot with a cotton swab.
- After that, open your eyes and wash your hands.
The procedure should be carried out without touching the eyelids and eyelashes. After that, it is not recommended to go outside for 1-1.5 hours.
Opened bottle can be stored at a temperature of 15-25 degrees for no more than 4 weeks.
"Diclofenac" during pregnancy and lactation
During the period of gestation and during breastfeeding, the use of the medicine is prohibited. The action of "Diclofenac" is especially dangerous in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. This can subsequently slow down the course of labor as a result of weakening the contractility of the uterus, as well as provoke profuse bleeding during delivery.
If necessary, the use of "Diclofenac" during lactation should temporarily stop breastfeeding for the entire period of therapy.
Diclofenac is a strong and effective drug that can be used as a first aid to quickly relieve pain. But he is not able to eliminate the main cause of inflammation, therefore, it is permissible to use it only in combination with other means as part of complex treatment. Not worth itforget that the action of "Diclofenac" can cause side effects, so it should be used strictly on the advice of a doctor.
