According to the international classification of ailments, there are two main types of strokes. These include hemorrhoidal and ischemic. Each of these pathologies is a complex and dangerous circulatory disorder of the brain.
The first type of stroke is associated with blockage of blood vessels and cessation of blood circulation in full or partial form. Hemorrhagic (hemorrhoidal) stroke can be characterized as intracranial bleeding. This type of brain lesion, in accordance with the ICD, was assigned the code 10.
What is a hemorrhoidal (hemorrhagic) stroke?
As a rule, hemorrhoidal stroke, the consequences of which directly depend on the initial causes of the disease, occurs due to pathological changes in the structure of blood vessels. Atrophic and necrotic phenomena caused by brain damage that has already occurred, in turn, determine the further clinical picture. To understand what processes and how a hemorrhoidal stroke occurs, what it is and what types of this disease exist, it is necessary to understand in more detail.
Classify hemorrhagic stroke according to the nature of the occurrence. There are four types of brain damage:
- Parenchymal stroke of the hemorrhagic type is the most complex type of disease. Damage to the vessels due to the parenchyma mainly causes intense, difficult to stop bleeding.
- Subcortical stroke of the hemorrhagic type - occurs as a result of prolonged hypertension or chronic increases in blood pressure. The most common site of hemorrhage is the contact between the temporal and parietal lobes.
- Subarachnoid stroke of the hemorrhagic type - occurs due to rupture of an aneurysm of blood vessels. The etiology of the disease is associated with arterial bleeding, where blood fills the cavity between the pia mater and arachnoid. The main cases of development of this type of stroke are craniocerebral trauma. In particular, in a newborn, a subarachnoid stroke can be caused during prolonged labor activity of the mother and trauma to the head.
- Arachnoid stroke of the hemorrhagic type is similar to the previous type of hemorrhage. The only difference is the cause of the hemorrhage. As a rule, such a hemorrhoidal stroke is provoked by the rupture of benign cystic tumors.
The direction of the course of medical inpatient treatment gives the assignment of the disease to one of the above types. Having diagnosed a hemorrhoidal stroke, no doctor can immediately make a prognosis. Regardless of the type of brainlesions, symptoms and course of the disease have significant similarities. With the help of a phased examination, it is possible to establish the degree of effectiveness of drugs and the rationality of the surgical operation.
Types of hemorrhagic strokes due to occurrence
The next classification of hemorrhagic hemorrhage is the definition of varieties of the disease according to the reasons for its development. Since the chances of recovery are directly related to the etiology that caused the hemorrhoidal stroke, the causes of brain damage are of great importance both during emergency treatment and in the process of long-term rehabilitation.
They are divided into the following groups:
- Trauma-induced – in this case, the area of damage to brain cells is predetermined by the location of the injury, its volume, and the degree of damage.
- Caused by a sudden jump in blood pressure - there is a rupture of the vascular cavity (it can be capillaries, veins and larger arteries). Chronic and prolonged hypertension contributes to the gradual thinning of the vascular walls. With increased permeability and another increase in pressure, a hemorrhoidal stroke occurs, the consequences of which are quite difficult to predict.
- Caused by vascular aneurysms - pathology most often occurs as a result of loss of elasticity of the arterial walls, which in itself is a consequence of the developing aneurysm.
- Caused by blockage of veins - main or main veins due toblockages affect the rate of blood flow.
- Drug-induced – as a rule, hemorrhoidal stroke occurs due to improperly started drug therapy with an overdose of drugs or severe alcohol intoxication. Uncorrected actions of doctors can lead to the development of a stroke.
It is also worth noting that the risk of a second stroke is highest during the first two weeks after the first stroke. Throughout the first year after the disease, there is a possibility of a recurrence of hemorrhage. To avoid relapse, the patient is prescribed a life-long course of drugs.
Symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage
Considering a hemorrhoidal stroke, what it is, it is necessary to dwell on its main symptoms. You can imagine a picture of brain tissue damage by collecting a consistent chain of some phenomena.
The first thing that happens is the rupture of the tissues of the vessels that could not withstand the increased pressure on their walls. Suddenly opened bleeding fills the neighboring brain cavities. At this moment, a hemorrhoidal stroke (photo attached for clarity) is felt by a person as an acute attack of headache.
Swelling of the meninges begins almost immediately. Puffiness of the brain stem is a consequence of inhibition of the functions of nerve tissues. Extensive bleeding often leads to the development of hydrocephalus or occlusive dropsy. Head dimensionsincrease, intracranial hematoma grows, which prevents the normalization of the circulating processes of spinal activity. At this stage, a hemorrhoidal stroke is extremely dangerous. Coma (those who survive after such complications face many difficulties) is a common occurrence associated with an unfavorable course of the disease.
In addition, the formation of a hematoma that affects the cerebral region ends for the patient with disability in almost 90% of cases. Speech dysfunction and impaired respiratory activity are almost beyond recovery.
Atrophy and death of brain tissues with the timely provision of medical care, namely surgical intervention, play a huge role. With minor bleeding, there are chances for a full recovery, all lost brain functions can be restored. However, with volumetric hemorrhages, irreparable necrotic processes can be observed. The brain tissue ceases to function, and then death occurs. A lethal outcome is possible a few hours after an attack occurs if the areas of the cerebral cortex that control the processes of respiration and the work of the cardiovascular system are damaged.
Extensive bleeding leaves no chance of recovery in the absence of emergency craniotomy.
How to recognize a stroke?
Since it is impossible to visually determine a hemorrhagic stroke, the description by patients of their own state of he alth during the active development of the disease allows physicians to establish a preliminary diagnosis and a preliminary degree of damage. In addition, long before the examination within the walls of a specialized medical institution, doctors have the opportunity to provide qualified assistance, which helps to reduce the intensity of complications.
Everyone should be aware of the symptoms associated with the disease. Hemorrhoidal stroke, which manifests itself in an appropriate way, can be recognized in a timely manner and help yourself or your loved one.
Characteristic brain attacks include:
- burning sensation and sudden onset of pain;
- severe nausea, urge to vomit;
- eyes become hypersensitive to bright light;
- changes in the conscious state: the patient may recover in the near future;
- with extensive hemorrhages, coma is possible;
- failure of motor functions of the limbs partially or completely, epileptic seizures.
If a neuro-hemorrhoidal stroke occurs (the so-called cerebral hemorrhage provoked by psycho-emotional overstrain), epileptic attacks can be the main and only symptoms indicating the disease.
How to help a stroke victim?
The slightest suspicion of a hemorrhage should immediately cause appropriate actions in others. It is on them that the subsequent speed of the patient's rehabilitation depends.
First of all, you should call an ambulance, but before it arrives, you mustperform a series of actions to prevent the development of complications.
Firstly, the victim must be laid in a horizontal position and raise his head 30 degrees. This is extremely important to ensure the outflow of blood from the brain.
Secondly, the patient's head should be turned to one side. Having thus facilitated the breathing of the victim, it is easy to control the onset of vomiting (it is dangerous due to the ingress of masses into the respiratory organs). It is also important to give the patient the opportunity to breathe fresh air.
Third, when self-transporting the victim must be transported in the most immobile state, controlling body temperature and pressure level.
Medical diagnosis of disease
Detecting a hemorrhagic stroke during a visual examination is almost impossible. Despite the presence of characteristic symptoms, urgent measures to save the patient are taken only after an instrumental examination, since this disease is similar in manifestation to epilepsy, the development of cancerous and benign brain formations. The patient admitted to the admission department of the hospital is sent to:
- computed tomography (in the early stages of the disease, CT is considered an indispensable diagnostic method, while MRI is a more informative method of research);
- magnetic resonance imaging (used at all stages of the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke and has a wider information content about the patient's condition, predictions about the expected consequences, etc.).
Chance for recovery
Because the elderly patients are mostly at risk, their prognosis for recovery is very disappointing. Only in 25-40% of cases, the treatment ends successfully, avoiding a second attack and achieving partial restoration of vital functions.
The performance of the body in people who have had a hemorrhoidal stroke (treatment sometimes does not work), at this age is reduced to almost zero, which leads to inevitable death. Predicting the further course of recovery after illness in young people is much more often possible in positive dynamics.
Consequences of a hemorrhoidal stroke
After a hemorrhoidal stroke, the result of therapeutic measures is directly related to the severity of complications. Often, the consequences of a hemorrhagic type of stroke are identified:
- pneumonia (usually caused by inactive lying position and impaired respiratory function, provoked by tissue atrophy or necrosis);
- decubitus ulcers on the body (the skin after an attack undergoes a lack of blood supply and becomes pliable to any irritant);
- thromboses (decrease in heart rate leads to the fact that blood clots enter the bloodstream);
- coma (one of the most dangerous complications that can bringhemorrhoidal stroke; coma can last from a couple of hours to several years, the patient's brain functions are not fully restored).
sepsis
As already mentioned, the likelihood of a recurrence of an attack in the near future after the first hemorrhage remains considerable. In addition, the second blow is often the last, as its intensity is higher. Cases of healing after a repeated hemorrhoidal stroke are real miracles.
Any stroke, including hemorrhagic, cannot be called an independently developing disease. Vascular thrombosis, atherosclerosis and other pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system are the root cause of hemorrhage in the brain cavity.
About the stroke treatment plan in the hospital
Drug treatment of hemorrhagic stroke is the use of a complex of drugs, the primary mission of which is the speedy restoration of normal cerebral blood supply. The thing is that the absence of oxygen for several minutes, which in a he althy person is transported to the brain by blood, is fraught with irreparable changes, necrosis and tissue atrophy.
It is not so easy to find the right solution here, because at first glance it may seem that everything is simple: you should increase the volume of blood arriving to the meninges. However, this will only aggravate the situation and complicate the patient's condition.
Among the drugs that contribute to the saturation of the affected brain tissues with oxygen, doctors distinguish "Actovegin". He actslocally, preventing the development of necrotic phenomena and increasing metabolism.
An important role in the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke is played by neoprotectors and broad-spectrum drugs. If the damage to the meninges is accompanied by heart disease and the risk of thrombosis, it is impossible to do without antiplatelet agents: this type of drug is a natural barrier to blood clotting. The new generation of drugs in this area include "Etamsilat".
After a course of basic therapy, treatment begins at the recovery stage, where the main principle is the desire for the fastest possible rehabilitation of the patient. Long-term treatment and recovery negatively affect the patient's condition, having a depressing effect on the psycho-emotional level.
Rehabilitation period
Since patients need a long recovery after a hemorrhoidal stroke, it is difficult to say how many days of sick leave will be needed for at least partial rehabilitation. However, everyone has the opportunity to warn themselves and their loved ones in advance against a serious illness, without ignoring medical prescriptions, recommendations of nutritionists and leading a he althy lifestyle.
Recovery programs are developed by physicians on an individual basis. Depending on the age of the patient, on the strength of the body to resist the disease and its consequences, the timing of obtaining the first positive results depends. Unfortunately, rehabilitation measures are delayed for years, so you should be patient andperseverance.
However, there are exceptions to each rule, and in the case of complex effective programs, the patient can recover in a fairly short period of time. In particular, with a non-extensive hemorrhage and the use of combined treatment programs consisting of physiotherapy, acupuncture, physical education and massage courses, there have been many cases in medical practice when patients returned to their previous life almost 100%.
Recently, the trend of doctors and specialists in the rehabilitation of patients has been the inclusion of modern gymnastic directions in the complex of rehabilitation measures. Breathing exercises, yoga, Pilates are especially relevant.
He althy eating is a step towards recovery
Changing the style of eating is the second and important step in the course of rehabilitation and elimination of the consequences that a hemorrhoidal stroke has caused to the patient's body. What this means will become clear based on the list of products below:
- fatty meats;
- smoked products;
- floury, sweet pastries, white bread.
Surely many people know that such components of the daily diet have a detrimental effect on the state of the whole organism. Atherosclerosis, a vascular disease in which atherosclerotic plaques form in them, preventing normal blood flow, has in most cases become a provoking factor in hemorrhagic hemorrhage.
In the case of healing, life after a stroke cannot be an exact copy of the previous one. sickyou will have to constantly limit yourself, not allowing the use of alcohol, smoking. Stress and nervous experiences must be avoided in the first place. In addition, regular check-ups and visits to a therapist should be a regular part of he alth maintenance measures.
To avoid a recurrent attack of a hemorrhagic stroke, doctors prescribe stimulating, strengthening medications, vitamin complexes to patients. One of the most common drugs is Cardiomagnyl.
