Blood pressure is an important parameter of a person's condition. With the passage of age, due to hereditary predisposition, the state of he alth is determined by the parameters of blood pressure.
What is this?
The main organ of human life is the heart. This is a pump for pumping blood, supplying oxygen to all organs and systems of the body. For this reason, there are several phases in the functioning of the heart muscle:
- diastole;
- systole.
Based on the parameters of the functioning of the heart muscle in humans, the upper and lower limits of blood pressure are distinguished. Its sharp fluctuations are distinguished by the ability to affect the body in a negative way: high and low pressure is unsafe for life.
If earlier the proportion of people suffering from high blood pressure (hypertension) was significantly higher than with low blood pressure (hypotension), now the situation is changing dramatically. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels occupy one of the leading places in terms of mortality worldwide. Gets younger anddisease. If until that time the elderly suffered from coronary artery disease, now this disease is getting younger.
Regulatory indicators
Blood pressure is the force acting on the vessels. The term “arterial” refers to the pressure parameters of the vessels. Distinguish:
- venous;
- capillary;
- heart pressure.
Standard indicators of blood pressure for vital activity - 120/80 (maximum - 140/90). With an overestimated value - a tendency to hypertension. Maximum - the upper pressure is systolic, the heart muscle contracts. Minimum - diastolic (relaxation phase).
To determine the optimal value of blood pressure, it is not necessary to focus on established norms. A person may well have individual characteristics of blood pressure. If there are non-standard indicators, you should be attentive to your he alth, consult a doctor.
Pulse is an indicator of blood pressure. The norm in humans is 60-80 beats. /min When measuring the pulse, you can find out about an upcoming problem. With an increase in the number of heartbeats after 2-3 hours after eating, food poisoning can be detected. During magnetic storms, a decrease in blood pressure is observed. In response, the heart rate increases to maintain optimal blood pressure.
Reasons for measuring blood pressure
The reasons for changing the parameters are as follows:
- The inability of the heart muscle to function normally as before.
- Change in blood quality parameters. As we agethe blood thickens. The higher the degree of its density, the harder it moves through the vessels. Blood thickening can be caused by diabetes and autoimmune pathological diseases.
- Decrease in vascular elasticity. The causes of this condition are poor nutrition, the limit of permissible physical activity, a certain list of drugs has been exceeded.
- The formation of atherosclerotic plaques that appear in the bloodstream as a result of a high concentration of "bad" cholesterol in the body.
- A sharp decrease in the lumen of blood vessels, provoked by hormones.
- Incorrect activity of the endocrine system.
Critical indicators
Critical pressure is the value at which the main degree of load falls on the heart and vascular system, which affects the condition. A sharp fluctuation in blood pressure leads to disruption of the CCC.
It is impossible to specify the exact parameters of the critical pressure for a person. An overestimated value of blood pressure by 20-30 points from the maximum permissible is dangerous, more than 30 is a critical indicator. Here is the critical pressure for a person:
- below 100/60 - hypotension;
- above 140/90=hypertension.
Deadly high blood pressure, when the tonometer reaches 300, death occurs in a similar situation. Hypertensive crisis - 260 over 140. Critical low blood pressure - 70/40 or less.
Maximum allowable rate provokes heart failure if symptoms are ignoreddeath comes.
If a patient's temperature rises against the background of a blood pressure failure, this is an alarm signal. Critical temperature and pressure are especially dangerous for people with coronary heart disease, diabetes, heart failure, atherosclerosis and arrhythmias.
Be careful, sometimes a combination of these symptoms accompanies myocardial infarction. And the temperature may rise slightly.
Why does BP rise?
Pressure fluctuations don't just happen. The values of blood pressure are influenced by factors that are not always interconnected with the incorrect functioning of the body. Elevated blood pressure - a review of lifestyle, diet.
Factors causing high blood pressure:
- Dehydration. The norms of fluid consumption in humans are 2 liters, the water must be clean. In the absence of the right amount of water, the blood thickens, the heart functions at the maximum permissible speed, which provokes an increase in blood pressure.
- Eating fatty foods, with significant cholesterol levels. Cholesterol plaques settle on the walls, interfering with the movement of blood through the vessels.
- High s alt intake.
- Having bad habits.
- Frequent heavy physical activity, as well as their absence. With increased stress, failures in orgasm are observed, with physical inactivity, the outflow of blood worsens, the strength of the heart muscle weakens.
- Frequent stressful situations.
- Heredity, menopause, kidney failure, head injuries.
Reasonslow pressure
It is influenced by the following factors:
- Stress, emotional tension.
- Mental and physical loads.
- Working activities (underground work, damp environment, extreme conditions, workshops with high temperature, with acids and alkalis).
- Diseases of the central nervous system, heart and blood vessels, adrenal glands, thyroid gland.
- Static.
Important! Hypotension is observed in athletes as a protective reaction in the presence of constant physical exertion.
Danger of high blood pressure
The increased value of blood pressure entails irreversible processes in the body. A significant proportion of the dangerous impact falls on the activity of the heart and blood vessels. About a million people die worldwide each year due to CVD, and most of them die as a result of hypertension.
Increased blood pressure is accompanied by hypertensive crises - sharp fluctuations in pressure to a critically dangerous level.
Hypertensive crisis - a sudden increase in blood pressure to 180/110 or more. If after 5 minutes the pressure does not change, urgent measures must be taken to reduce the indicators. A long stay in such a state is fraught with the development of complications: stroke, swelling in the lungs, acute failure in the work of the heart. In view of this, first aid is provided immediately.
Hypertensive crisis happens:
- Uncomplicated. There are no serious failures in the performance of the heart muscle, brain, kidneys. Several hours after takingdrugs, pressure normalizes.
- Complicated. Its occurrence is extremely rare. In this state, the digestive organs are “under attack”.
In a hypertensive crisis, there is a sharp expansion of blood vessels, their ruptures. The patient complains of migraines and pain in the region of the heart, fever, nausea, vision deteriorates. Complications of particular mortal danger are: heart attack and stroke. In the chronic course of hypertension, vital organs - the heart, kidneys, eyes - fall under the "strike":
- a stroke is accompanied by a sudden deterioration in blood circulation in the structures of the brain, paralysis sets in, which can remain for life;
- renal failure - metabolic failures, kidneys can not perform their functions - urine formation;
- when the eyes are damaged, vision deteriorates, there is a hemorrhage in the eyeball.
When diagnosing hypertension, alternative methods of treatment should not be excluded. On the contrary, they are used as an addition to the general course of therapeutic treatment, their use is coordinated with the therapist. Apply diuretic fees in combination with drug treatment. Chopped cranberries with honey help well.
Danger of low pressure
Hypotonia affects the condition. In its presence, the organs experience a lack of blood, there is insufficient blood supply to the body. Critical lower pressure is equated to dangerous, with it oxygen does not enter the main vessels, poor blood supplyorgans. With poor blood circulation to the brain, the chance of an ischemic stroke increases.
Hypotonia affects the state of he alth: the patient complains of malaise, fatigue, impotence. Heart attack, stroke, heart and vascular disease - a complicated course of hypertension and hypotension. A large number of examples is a confirmation of the possibility of the transition of hypotension to hypertension. This is explained by the fact that pathological changes are observed in the vessels. This type of hypertension is very difficult to tolerate by the body than other cases.
Important! Hypotension is observed at the initial stage of pregnancy. Dehydration requires drinking plenty of fluids, but this is reflected in the child's condition.
Actions of the patient in the presence of dangerous pressure
Hypertension and hypotension need mandatory treatment. The sooner therapy is started, the better for the person. Sharp drops in high pressure are undesirable - this harms the body and poses a danger to humans. For treatment, drugs with a combined type of action are applicable, the main task of which is to reduce side effects and increase benefits. The modern pharmaceutical industry is producing drugs that reduce high blood pressure for 24 hours after a single dose.
General recommendations for reducing critical pressure:
- Reduce s alt intake.
- Refuse coffee, tea, alcohol.
- No animal fats and sugars.
- Increase the amount of consumedfresh fruits and vegetables.
- Eat foods high in potassium and magnesium.
Usually the patient knows what a critical low pressure is for him and can quickly increase it at home. To increase vascular tone, it makes no sense to use pills. Coffee is considered an affordable way to quickly raise blood pressure. Preparations containing caffeine - "Citramon", "Piramein", "Askofen".
Cinnamon water can quickly increase low pressure - 1 tsp of cinnamon is poured with boiling water, 2 tsp is drunk to increase pressure. In case of hypotension, it is necessary to use drugs of a combined spectrum of action - a combination of ACE inhibitors and potassium antagonists, an ACE inhibitor and a diuretic.
People with problematic BP wonder what pressure is considered critical and which of the conditions is worse: hypertension or hypotension? Danger is any violation. With systematically observed pressure surges, you should immediately seek qualified help. After a thorough examination of the patient, the doctor will prescribe the necessary drugs and preventive measures.
Here's what causes BP problems:
- heredity;
- stress;
- excessive exercise;
- change of weather;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- bad habits;
- unbalanced diet;
- diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
High and low blood pressure symptoms
Hypertension:
- mild to moderate increase (severe hypertension may be latent if its development was gradual, without the presence of sharp jumps in blood pressure);
- squeezing pain in the back of the head;
- tinnitus;
- stiffness of movement;
- chest pain;
- anxiety.
Hypotension:
- sluggishness;
- drowsy;
- rapid fatigue;
- reducing the level of performance;
- headache aching;
- frequent fainting.
Important! Symptoms appear when the weather changes. With orthostatic hypotension, there is a sudden weakness with the presence of flies and darkening before the eyes.
Hypertension or hypotension?
Patients often wonder which of the critical pressure values is worse. In a comparative analysis of conditions, it is obvious that, in terms of the dangerous consequences of complications, hypertension is worse than hypotension. The ideal value is the norm of blood pressure according to the statements of medical specialists.
Achieving ideal pressure parameters for a hypotensive patient is possible with the use of tonic drinks containing caffeine, ginseng and other stimulants. For hypertensive patients, the systematic consumption of special drugs that control blood pressure indicators is mandatory.
Most of the causes of sharp fluctuations in critical blood pressure can be eliminated on their own, which will make it possible to save he alth for a longer time. Properly selected, balanced diet, activity andthe feasibility of physical activity, a calm attitude to life events, the avoidance and exclusion of stressful situations - the path to he alth and longevity. Compliance with these simple rules will normalize blood pressure.
