What antibiotic "Sumamed"? This is a common question. Let's look into it in more detail.
Before you start treatment with a drug, you should read these instructions for its use, methods of use and recommended dosage, as well as other useful information on the use of this medication. "Sumamed" from a number of macrolide antibiotics.
It is produced in the form of tablets, coated with a special film-coated bluish color, biconvex. 1 tab. antibiotic "Sumamed" contains azithromycin dihydrate 125 mg. It also contains some additional substances:
- anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate;
- cornstarch;
- hypromellose;
- microcrystalline cellulose;
- pregelatinized starch;
- sodium lauryl sulfate;
- magnesium stearate.
Not everyone knows what group of antibiotics Sumamed has.
The composition of the tablet shell includes:
- hypromellose;
- titanium dioxide;
- Indigo carmine dye;
- polysorbate.
The drug is packed in cardboard boxes, 6 pieces in one blister. The drug can also be produced in hard gelatin capsules, with a blue body, the contents of which are either white or light yellowish powder. The capsule disintegrates when pressed. 1 piece contains 250 mg of the active ingredient - azithromycin dihydrate.
Auxiliary components of the antibiotic "Sumamed" in this case are:
- microcrystalline cellulose;
- sodium lauryl sulfate;
- magnesium stearate.
Capsules, like tablets, are packed in cardboard boxes with one blister containing 6 capsules.
According to the instructions, the antibiotic "Sumamed" is also produced in the form of a powder for suspension, which is a yellowish-white homogeneous friable mass with the smell of strawberries. After adding water to the powder and dissolving it, a homogeneous suspension is obtained.
As excipients in this form of the drug are used:
- sucrose;
- hyprolosis;
- xanthan gum;
- sodium phosphate;
- titanium dioxide;
- colloidal silicon dioxide;
- strawberry flavor.
The powder for suspension is packaged in plastic bottles with a resistant cap, which are placed in cardboard boxes with instructions for use and a measuring spoon.
Pharmacological properties
As the instructions indicate, antibiotic"Sumamed" is a broad spectrum agent, azalide, which acts bacteriostatically, inhibiting the peptide translocase at the stages of translation and inhibiting protein synthesis. In addition, it is able to slow down the growth and reproduction of pathological bacteria and, in high concentrations, have a bactericidal effect. The active ingredient of the antibiotic "Sumamed" acts on extra- and intracellular infectious agents. It is active against the following Gram-positive microorganisms:
- Streptococcus spp;
- Streptococcus pyogenes;
- Streptococcus viridans;
- Staphylococcus epidermidis;
- Streptococcus pneumoniae;
- Streptococcus agalactiae;
- Staphylococcus aureus.
The Gram-negative bacteria that this medication inhibits are:
- Haemophilus influenzae;
- Bordetella pertussis;
- Moraxella catarrhalis;
- Legionella pneumophila;
- Campylobacter jejuni;
- Bordetella parapertussis;
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae;
- Haemophilus ducreyi;
- Gardnerella vaginalis.
In addition, the active substances of the antibiotic "Sumamed" successfully fight some anaerobic microorganisms:
- Bacteroides bivius;
- Peptostreptococcus spp;
- Clostridium perfringens;
- Chlamydia pneumonia;
- Mycobacterium avium complex;
- Treponema pallidum;
- Chlamydia trachomatis;
- Ureaplasma urealyticum;
- Mycoplasma pneumonia;
- Borrelia burgdorferi.
Medicine substances are not active against bacteria that are resistant to erythromycin.
Pharmacokinetics
The active substance of the antibiotic "Sumamed" in tablets from the gastrointestinal tract is absorbed, which explains its stability in an acidic environment. After administration, its maximum plasma concentration is reached after about three hours. Bioavailability is 38%. "Sumamed" quickly penetrates into the respiratory organs, as well as the urogenital tract, skin and soft tissues. High concentrations in tissues and a very long elimination period of the drug are due to reduced binding of the active substance to blood proteins, as well as the ability to invade eukaryotic cells. The ability of azithromycin to concentrate in lysosomes is of particular importance for the elimination of intracellular infectious agents. It is known that phagocytes can deliver azithromycin to sites affected by infection, where it is released through the process of phagocytosis, and the concentration of this substance in the foci of infection is much higher than in he althy tissues.
Despite the concentration in phagocytes, azithromycin is not able to have a significant effect on their work. It persists in the required concentrations in the foci of inflammation for almost seven days after the last dose, which has allowed pharmacists to develop short courses of treatment with this drug.
Excretion of the active substance from the body takes place in 2 main stages: the half-life, which is usually 15-20 hoursinterval from 9 to 25 hours after administration and 40 hours with an interval of 25 to 70 hours. This allows you to use the medication 1 time per day.
Are Sumamed antibiotics effective for angina? Experts answer this question like this: "Yes, very effective."
Indications for use
Various infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by drug-sensitive pathological microorganisms:
- Infections affecting the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs: pharyngitis, tonsillitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media.
- Infections affecting the lower respiratory tract: acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, including those that could be caused by atypical pathogens.
- Infectious changes in the skin and soft tissues; impetigo, erysipelas, acne, infected dermatoses.
- Initial stages of Lyme disease: erythema migrans.
- Infectious lesions of the urinary tract caused by a pathogen such as chlamydia: urethritis, cervicitis.
The use of the antibiotic "Sumamed" should be very careful.
Contraindications
This drug is contraindicated in the following cases:
- Increased susceptibility of the body to azithromycin and erythromycin, as well as other macrolides or ketolides.
- Disorders in the liver.
- Concomitant use with substances such as ergotamine or dihydroergotamine.
- Sucrase or isom altase deficiency, or fructose intolerance.
- Antibiotic "Sumamed" for children is also suitable. But contraindications include children under 12 years of age (for taking tablets with a dosage of 500 mg), up to 3 years (for taking the drug with a dosage of up to 250 mg) and up to 6 months (for taking a suspension with a dosage of 125 mg).
With caution, the drug "Sumamed" should be used in the following cases
- Myasthenia gravis.
- Moderate impairment of basic liver functions.
- Terminal kidney failure.
- Presence of proarrhythmic factors in patients
- Impaired water and electrolyte balance in the body, for example, with hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia.
- For bradycardia, arrhythmia and other cardiac arrhythmias, as well as for various forms of severe heart failure.
- When using drugs such as digoxin, warfarin and cyclosporine together.
- Diabetes mellitus.
Dosage
The drug in capsules is used once a day, the dose for an adult is 500 mg.
For children, the antibiotic "Sumamed" is prescribed as follows: up to 12 years - 250 mg, up to 3 years - 125 mg. This dosage is indicated for general cases of diseases with moderate severity. In cases of severe pathologies, the dosage of the drug is prescribed by a specialist.
How is the children's antibiotic "Sumamed" used? This is discussed below.
Preparation of suspension
To the powder contained in the plastic vial intended for preparationsuspension (nominal volume 20 ml), using a special dosing syringe, add 12 ml of water and shake until the mixture is homogeneous. The volume of this suspension should be about 25 ml, which is usually 5 ml more than the nominal volume, which is provided in order to compensate for the loss of substance during dosing of the drug. The finished suspension of the antibiotic "Sumamed" can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 5 days.
Side effects
The frequency of such phenomena is classified as follows:
- very often (10% of the time);
- often (at <10%);
- rarely (at <1%);
- rare (at <0.1%);
- very rare (at <0.01%);
- with unknown frequency (no data due to lack of observations).
Thus, during the use of the drug "Sumamed" the following side effects may occur:
- In infectious diseases: infrequently - thrush (candidiasis), pneumonia, gastroenteritis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, respiratory diseases. With an unknown frequency - pseudomembranous colitis.
- From the side of hematopoiesis and lymphatic system: rarely - neutropenia, leukopenia, eosinophilia; very rarely - hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia.
- Metabolic: very rare - anorexia.
- Allergic manifestations: infrequently - hypersensitivity reaction, angioedema; with an unknown frequency - anaphylactic reactions.
- Nervous system: often - headaches; infrequently - violationwork of taste buds, dizziness, drowsiness, paresthesia, insomnia, neurosis; rarely - agitation; with an unknown frequency - anxiety, hypesthesia, fainting, aggression, convulsions, psychomotor hyperactivity, impaired function of smell, myasthenia gravis, loss of taste sensations, hallucinations, delirium.
- On the part of vision: infrequently - a violation of color perception.
- On the part of hearing: infrequently - vertigo, hearing loss; with an unknown frequency - deafness, tinnitus.
- Cardiovascular system: rarely - increased heart rate; with an unknown frequency - a decrease in blood pressure, prolongation of the QT interval, arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia.
- Respiratory: infrequently - shortness of breath, nosebleeds.
- From the digestive tract: very often - diarrhea; often - symptoms of nausea, vomiting, sharp pains in the abdomen; infrequently - bloating, dyspepsia, gastritis, constipation, dysphagia, dryness of the mucous membrane and ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity, belching, increased saliva production; very rarely - pancreatitis.
- From the biliary tract and liver: infrequently - hepatitis; rarely - violation of hepatic functions, cholestatic jaundice; with an unknown frequency - liver failure (in extremely rare cases, deaths are known, as a rule, against the background of severe liver dysfunction), fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis.
- On the part of the skin and underlying tissues: infrequently - a rash of various origins, itching, dermatitis, urticaria, dry skin, excessive sweating; rarely - photosensitivity; with an unknown frequency - Stevens syndrome -Johnson, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis.
- Musculoskeletal system: infrequently - myalgia, osteoarthritis, back and neck pain; with an unknown frequency - arthralgia.
- Urinary organs: infrequently - pain in the kidneys, dysuria; with an unknown frequency - interstitial nephritis, acute kidney failure.
- On the part of the reproductive system and mammary glands: infrequently - metrorrhagia, testicular dysfunction.
- Other side effects: infrequently - general malaise, asthenia, fatigue, swelling of the face, fever, chest pain, peripheral edema.
Side effects of "Sumamed" from the group of macrolide antibiotics are as follows:
- decrease in the number of lymphocytes, increase in the number of eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, neutrophils, platelets:
- decrease in plasma bicarbonate:
- increasing the basic activity of ALT and AST;
- increase in plasma bilirubin, creatinine, chloride, glucose and urea;
- change in plasma potassium and sodium levels;
- increased phosphatase activity, increased hematocrit and plasma bicarbonate concentration.
Drug overdose
Symptoms of an overdose of the Sumamed medical product are: nausea, hearing loss, vomiting, diarrhea. Treatment in this case is symptomatic, in the form of gastric lavage, taking a large volume of liquid and activated charcoal. In this case, the drug should be discontinued.
It is important to always remember which antibiotics "Sumamed" refers to,to provide proper overdose assistance.
Interaction with other medications
Antacids do not affect the absorption of azithromycin, but reduce Cmax in the blood by about 30%, so this drug should be taken one hour before taking these drugs and food. The concomitant use of azithromycin and cetirizine has no contraindications. The simultaneous use of macrolide antibacterial drugs with P-glycoprotein substrates, for example, digoxin, leads to an increase in the P-glycoprotein substrate in the blood. The concomitant use of azithromycin and zidovudine affects the pharmacokinetics and renal excretion of the glucuronide metabolite of zidovudine. Azithromycin weakly reacts with cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. Given the possibility of developing ergotism, the use of an active substance with ergot derivatives is not welcome.
A study of the interactions of this drug with anticoagulants showed that azithromycin does not affect the anticoagulant effect of a substance such as warfarin. It has been reported to potentiate the use of azithromycin and coumarin derivatives. Although the reason for this has not been established, prothrombin time should be monitored when using Sumamed in patients receiving oral anticoagulants. Some caution should also be exercised when using this drug with ciclosporin.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
During such periods, the use of a drug is possibleonly when the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the risk to the fetus. If there is an urgent need to use this medication during lactation, it should be suspended. This confirms the instructions for use for the Sumamed antibiotic.
Special Instructions
The use of a drug in some cases can cause the onset of myasthenic syndrome or exacerbation of myasthenia gravis. When used in patients with diabetes mellitus and those who follow a low-calorie diet, it should be borne in mind that the composition of the suspension of this drug includes sucrose.
If negative effects occur in terms of the functioning of the nervous system and organs of vision, care must be taken when carrying out actions that require increased attention and speed of motor reactions.
In case of violations of liver function, the drug is contraindicated. In addition, it is used with extreme caution for violations of kidney function.
In elderly patients, the drug "Sumamed" is used in the same dosages as in young people. However, due to the fact that in this category of patients the occurrence of proarrhythmic conditions is not excluded, regular monitoring of cardiac activity should be carried out.
Analogues of the antibiotic "Sumamed"
The drug is considered a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is highly effective against a wide variety of pathological microorganisms that can cause very serious diseases, howeverthe drug has many contraindications and side effects. In this regard, it is possible to replace this medication with others that are similar in therapeutic effect, but do not have such a number of negative manifestations. These medications include:
- "Azit";
- Ziromin;
- Azitrox;
- Aziklar;
- Hemomycin;
- "Azo";
- Azitro;
- Azithromycin;
- Zathrin;
- Azithromycin Grnidex;
- Free Max OD;
- Klamed;
- Clubux;
- Ezeklar-OD;
- Meristat-Sanovel;
- "Dazel";
- Roxide;
- Azinot-Pharmeks;
- "Vilprafen";
- Zomax;
- "Azicine";
- Azibiot.
The cheapest analogue among the above funds is "Azithromycin". It also has a high bactericidal activity, which allows you to cope with serious inflammation, blocks the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms. At the same time, it is possible to detect the same concentration and content of the active substance in Azithromycin, similar to those in Sumamed.
The only disadvantage of the described generic is the lack of clinical trials in its production. Therefore, patients often experience a common side effect - severe cutting pain in the abdomen about half an hour after taking even a small dose of the drug. According to the results of medical practice, the agent in question does not have such an effect.
You can say that the pills"Sumamed" does not have an analogue that fully corresponds to the specified agent and satisfies the requirements for bactericidal activity. Therefore, before choosing a generic, you should first consult a doctor.
Reviews
Many medical professionals have a positive attitude towards the drug and very often recommend it for use even in young children. Nevertheless, the main thing to understand is that it is absolutely impossible to give this remedy to children without a doctor's prescription, since the effect of it does not exceed the possible side effects. Reviews of the antibiotic "Sumamed" are presented below.
Another reason why physicians prefer this of all antibacterial drugs is its advantage due to the short course of application. This helps to significantly reduce the harmful effects of its active substance on the microflora of the intestines and mucous membranes, reducing, in turn, the risk of dysbacteriosis and candidiasis. Despite this, when treating with this drug, it is imperative to take probiotics, which will help maintain the balance of the flora in these areas.
Like any other medicine, the drug "Sumamed" has both positive and negative reviews. Thus, people who used it in the treatment of a particular infectious disease note that the drug is very effective, well tolerated by a he althy person and helps even in cases of severe pathological conditions. It happensin an extremely short time, so patients claim that in cases where a person needs urgent help, the drug "Sumamed" can be an excellent way to solve the problem. Many patients are satisfied with the fact that the drug is taken once a day, unlike other antibiotics, which are usually taken several times.
Negative reviews contain a large amount of information about the onset of side effects after taking this medication, and this applies, first of all, to young patients and the elderly. Frequent cases of this nature were attacks of arrhythmias and other cardiac disorders in the elderly, and in children - the occurrence of various digestive disorders in the form of acute diarrhea, loss of appetite and vomiting.
This is the Sumamed antibiotic.
