Food plays an important role in everyone's life. Our well-being, mood and he alth depend on the quantity and quality of the food we eat. Malnutrition primarily affects the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common diseases are cholecystitis, gastritis and pancreatitis. Diet plays an important role in these conditions. In the article, we will consider in detail the principles of nutrition for pancreatitis.
Description of disease
Pancreatitis is diagnosed when inflammation develops in the pancreas. The main function of this organ is the secretion of enzymes that are necessary for the breakdown of food. When its work is disturbed, the food entering the body is not processed and absorbed properly.
At the same time, pancreatic juices begin to “digest” the organ itself, which leads to tissue death. Attacks of pancreatitisaccompanied by severe pain in the right or left side of the abdomen, depending on the location of the organ lesion. Like many other diseases, it can be acute or chronic.
Causes of pancreatitis
The human body is an amazingly intelligent and resilient system that is able to adapt to the constant changes taking place around. But at the same time, it is very fragile. When the body is exposed to adverse factors for a long time, this provokes the development of diseases. Among the causes that lead to pancreatitis, malnutrition is leading. Therefore, the treatment of the disease is impossible without diet. With pancreatitis, especially chronic, it is lifelong.
Dietary recommendations
After the acute attack has been removed, and the patient has been discharged from the hospital (if there was a hospitalization), the question arises as to how to eat now. The memories of the unbearable pain that accompanies an unpleasant episode are still fresh in my memory. Who wants to relive this? In order not to provoke a relapse, the patient must review his diet and follow a special diet for pancreatitis. An example menu is shown below. Now here are some general nutritional recommendations:
- To facilitate the process of digestion, you need to eat often, but in small portions. Meals should be 5-6 with an interval of 2-3 hours.
- Meals and drinks should be consumed warm. The optimal indicator will be corresponding to body temperature.
- To minimize mechanical impact, all food should beuse soft. To do this, ready meals should be chopped in a blender or kneaded.
- Meals to steam or boil. So the products are not only easier to digest, but also retain more nutrients. Sometimes you can eat baked food, but you will have to forget about fried food.
- Harmful foods are excluded from the diet. These include: fried, spicy, canned food, sausages and smoked meats, fatty and confectionery. And also have to forget about alcohol.
- We need to limit the amount of fiber, carbonated and caffeinated drinks (including black tea), cocoa, chocolate.
- In some cases it will be necessary to eliminate sugar completely.
In addition, the diet menu for pancreatic pancreatitis should contain the required amount of nutrients. The ratio of substances should be as follows:
- proteins - 60-120 g;
- carbohydrates - 300-400g;
- fats - no more than 60 g.
Values fluctuate and depend on the form of the disease, the general condition of the patient, age, weight, physical activity, etc.
Allowed Foods
Disease requires diet. The menu for pancreatitis needs to be supplemented with some products. For a chronic disease in remission, the following should be included in the diet:
- vegetarian puree soups;
- dried bread from flour of the first or second grade;
- lean meat;
- protein omelets;
- boiled or baked vegetables,steamed;
- low-fat dairy products (cottage cheese, kefir, fermented baked milk, uns alted cheese), milk is allowed in meals and drinks;
- fruit and berry mousses, jelly, honey;
- pure water, green tea, weak rosehip decoction.
In addition, it is recommended to use herbal decoctions, but after consulting with your doctor.
What should I give up?
With pancreatitis, the following foods are excluded from the patient's diet:
- fatty meats (lamb, pork, duck, goose);
- onions and garlic;
- radish, turnip, radish;
- sorrel, spinach;
- legumes (beans, peas, beans);
- raw cabbage;
- coffee, cocoa;
- bananas, grapes and grape juice;
- alcohol;
- spices (s alt, pepper, cinnamon, etc.).
This is not a complete list of prohibited foods for inflammation of the pancreas. The main principle is to limit the use of substances that contribute to a large release of digestive juices and enzymes. An exemplary diet menu for pancreatitis is represented by dishes that are gentle on the digestive tract. You can find it below.
Nutrition for acute pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas is a serious disease. An acute attack can lead to a painful shock, and a neglected form can lead to organ necrosis and even death. Therefore, it is necessary to start treating the disease on the first day. Diet is the most importantrole. In the early days, the intake of any food is limited. Nutrients, if necessary, are administered to the patient intravenously or by means of a probe directly into the stomach. If there is no vomiting, then fluid intake is allowed (warm water, unsweetened tea, weak concentration of rosehip broth).
After a few days, depending on the condition of the patient, liquid food is added to the diet (ground soups, cereals, vegetable purees, sugar-free kissels). It is important that the diet be as sparing as possible in terms of mechanical, thermal and chemical parameters. This diet should be followed for about a week. Then new foods are gradually added to the diet. The menu for pancreatitis after stopping an acute attack consists of vegetarian soups, puddings and soufflés, kefir and non-acidic cottage cheese, protein omelettes. Food is steamed or boiled and ground. Not earlier than after 2-3 months (with good he alth), the patient can consume whole foods without grinding them, but at the same time chewing thoroughly. Nutrition should be fractional - 5-6 times a day in small portions. It is important not to allow long breaks (more than 4 hours) between meals.
Nutrition during exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis
In the first days, the patient is prescribed hunger. Depending on the severity of the disease, it lasts from 2 to 4 days. Drinking during this period is permissible in small portions. Warm water, weak tea, weak rosehip broth will do. Then food is introduced into the diet in liquid form - vegetable broths, jelly, non-acidic compotes. Gradually add carbohydrate food, which is less than protein, stimulates the pancreas. The patient is given mucous porridges and grated vegetable soups. Everything is prepared without s alt and sugar. Portions during this period should be very small - a few tablespoons each. Fractional nutrition - every 3-4 hours. The serving size is increased gradually - 40 g per day until the volume reaches 250-300 g.
Chronic nutrition
If pancreatitis was once diagnosed, then dieting becomes lifelong. But you can adapt to everything, especially when it comes to he alth. What will be the approximate menu for pancreatitis? The patient's diet should not overload the pancreas. The well-known diet "Table No. 5" according to Pevzner is taken as the basis. And also the general recommendations are followed:
- fractional food;
- thoroughly chewing food;
- eating warm food;
- exclusion of products that stimulate the secretion of pancreatic juices, as well as those that act aggressively on the mucous membranes of the digestive organs;
- reduce animal fats;
- diet rich in quality protein;
- avoid fried;
- food is steamed, boiled or baked;
- limiting the amount of raw vegetables and fruits;
- minimizing s alt and sugar (no more than 10 and 30 g per day respectively);
- careful with new products;
- portability control.
Table 5P
The table shows an approximate diet menu for pancreatitis of the gland for a week according to the principles of a therapeutic diet.
| Monday | |
| Breakfast |
|
| Second breakfast |
|
| Lunch |
|
| Snack |
|
| Dinner |
|
| Snack |
low-fat fermented baked milk |
| Tuesday | |
| Breakfast |
|
| Second breakfast |
|
| Lunch |
|
| Snack |
|
| Dinner |
|
| Snack |
low fat yogurt |
| Wednesday | |
| Breakfast |
|
| Second breakfast |
|
| Lunch |
|
| Snack |
|
| Dinner |
|
| Snack |
low-fat kefir |
| Thursday | |
| Breakfast |
|
| Second breakfast |
|
| Lunch |
|
| Snack |
|
| Dinner |
|
| Snack |
|
| Friday | |
| Breakfast |
|
| Second breakfast |
|
| Lunch |
|
| Snack |
|
| Dinner |
|
| Snack |
low-fat kefir |
| Saturday | |
| Breakfast |
|
| Second breakfast |
|
| Lunch |
|
| Snack |
|
| Dinner |
|
| Snack |
low-fat fermented baked milk |
| Sunday | |
| Breakfast |
|
| Second breakfast |
|
| Lunch |
|
| Snack |
|
| Dinner |
|
| Snack |
low-fat kefir |
Features of nutrition in case of illness in children
Children rarely have a chronic or acute form, but many parents face the diagnosis of "reactive pancreatitis". The disease is characterized by temporary problems with the pancreas. This form of pancreatitis is provoked by dietary errors. Recommendations regarding the diet for pancreatic pancreatitis for children are about the same as for adults. They just need to be strictly observed. It is also important to monitor the total caloric content and nutritional value of food. The child should receive all the substances necessary for growth and development. In children, a diet for pancreatic pancreatitis (sample menu) is compiled by a pediatrician on an individual basis.
Summing up
Inflammation of the pancreas is a serious disease that requires long-term treatment and changes in eating habits. In the first days of the acute stage, hunger is observed, followed by a transition to a special diet, which the patient will adhere to throughout his life, but with minor changes during the remission period. Diet menu for pancreatitisthe week described above can be used as a basis, making changes to the diet depending on taste preferences, but avoiding forbidden foods.
