Infraorbital anesthesia is one of the methods of pain relief, which is widely used in modern dentistry. Consider the main features of its implementation, as well as the method of administering the anesthetic, the possibility of complications and the feedback from specialists in the field of dentistry regarding this procedure.
General characteristics
In dentistry, infraorbital anesthesia is often referred to as infraorbital anesthesia. This technique belongs to the group of conductor methods for relieving pain that occurs during surgical intervention in the structure of the jaw. Currently, the technique under consideration is widely used in maxillofacial surgery and dentistry.
The main purpose of the introduction of infraorbital anesthesia is to relieve pain by creating a depot of anesthetic at the exit point of the nerve from the infraorbital canal, which is assigned the function of conducting pain to the areamid face.
Area of anesthesia
Speaking about the area of anesthesia with infraorbital anesthesia, it should be noted that it is quite large and covers almost the entire middle part of the face. In this case, the following areas fall under the area of action of the anesthetic:
- upper lip;
- vestibular part of the gum, located in the region of the upper jaw;
- mucosa of the maxillary sinus, as well as the bone in this area;
- nose wing;
- side of the nose;
- lower eyelid and corner of the eye;
- infraorbital region;
- cheek;
- some teeth (upper molars and premolars, canine, lateral incisor).
In the reviews of dentists about the type of anesthesia in question, it is often noted that this method of anesthesia does not allow stopping the pain of the second premolar and the central incisor. This is due, first of all, to the fact that opposite anastomoses are responsible for the presence of sensations in this part of the face. Experienced specialists in the field of dentistry apply infiltration anesthesia in this situation, introducing it directly into the place of the upcoming intervention.
Indications for use
Like any other procedure, the process of implementing the type of anesthesia in question has its indications and contraindications. Let's talk further about the testimony in more detail.
Things that require infraorbital anesthesia include:
- drainage of purulent foci;
- periostitis;
- osteomyelitis;
- implantation;
- operation to remove a cyst (kistectomy);
- difficult tooth extraction;
- removal of neoplasms that have arisen on the jaw;
- treatment of several teeth at the same time or their extraction;
- tooth preparation.
Contraindications
Considering the indications and contraindications for infraorbital anesthesia, it is worth noting some factors in which the use of this technique for stopping pain is not recommended.
Reviews of dentists about this type of anesthesia say that it will not be the right solution if there is an injury in the maxillofacial part, since in this situation, as a rule, there is a change in the usual position of the tissues.
In addition, the use of such anesthesia is contraindicated in cases of:
- of an operation, the estimated duration of which is more than 2-3 hours;
- presence of the fact of mental disorder of the patient;
- individual intolerance to anesthetic solutions;
- pregnancy;
- recent heart attack;
- the presence of acute diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Benefits of Anesthesia
If there are indications for infraorbital anesthesia, its implementation is strongly recommended. In their reviews left for this procedure, many dentists note thatthe method of anesthesia under consideration has a number of advantages, among which it is worth highlighting:
- possibility of implementation even in the presence of abscesses;
- high duration of action of the anesthetic (about 2-3 hours);
- impact power (even with the introduction of a small portion of the anesthetic comes a powerful and lasting effect);
- possibility of blocking painful sensations on a significant part of the face.
Complications
It should be noted that with a large number of positive qualities that this type of anesthesia has, it has one significant disadvantage, which is that certain complications may occur after its introduction.
The list of possible complications from infraorbital anesthesia includes:
- hematoma formation at the injection site;
- damage to the eyeball with a syringe needle;
- blocking eye muscles;
- open bleeding;
- edema of the lower eyelid;
- double vision (diplopia);
- ischemia in the area of the treated area in the area below the orbit (decreased blood circulation);
- presence of post-traumatic neuritis.
In order to avoid complications, it is worth entrusting the procedure in question only to a highly qualified specialist in the field of jaw surgery. An aspiration test is also recommended before the anesthesia administration process.
Techniqueintroductions
In dentistry, infraorbital anesthesia is administered using two methods: external and intraoral.
In the first case, the dentist must determine the location of the soft tissues, after which they must be pressed against the jawbone to prevent their further displacement, which may result in injury to the eyeball. Next, you should step back from the selected point down by 5 mm and insert the needle of the anesthetic syringe, directing it up, back and out in the process, until it hits the periosteum. As soon as this happens, 0.5-1 ml of the product should be released. Next, you should find the channel and inject the rest of the anesthetic into it, dropping the needle by 7-10 mm.
In the event that intraoral anesthesia is performed, then first of all it is necessary to press the soft tissues of the jaw to the bone, and then pull the lip towards them. Next, you need to inject the syringe needle with a 5 mm agent, making an injection between the first premolar and the canine. After that, the needle should move outward, over the transitional fold, making slight movements up and back, to the infraorbital nerve. After that, it is necessary to complete the operation, repeating the same manipulations as in the case of the introduction of this type of anesthesia by the external method.
After the correct procedure, the expected effect occurs within 3-5 minutes.
Related pain management techniques
In the reviews of dentists, it is often said that the type of anesthesia in question, if necessary, can be replaced with another one. As analogsconduction and infiltration anesthesia can act.
As for infiltration anesthesia, it is carried out by introducing an anesthetic with the help of a subtle game in the place of direct surgical intervention (usually in the projection of the root apex of the tooth that will be treated). The effect of such anesthesia lasts no more than two hours.
Speaking of conduction anesthesia, it must be said that its main difference is in the place of injection of anesthetic solutions. This is done at a certain distance from the diseased tooth, in the place where the nerve responsible for the transmission of pain symptoms is located.
In both the first and second cases, the anesthetic is administered perineurally, i.e. its direct release occurs in the region of the nerve trunk.
