Sore throat - this symptom is common at any time of the year, and especially in the off-season in people of all ages. Appears perspiration, hoarseness, dryness and burning, it becomes painful to swallow and speak. This may be a sign of a disease or a reaction of the mucous membrane of the pharynx to the influence of the external environment. In any case, this symptom should be taken seriously and as soon as possible to find out the cause of its occurrence, and only then proceed to the treatment of pain in the throat.
Reasons
There is a wide variety of pain in the throat: sharp, stabbing, dull, aching, throbbing, progressive or constant. The whole throat can hurt, on one or both sides, or in the middle. Why is this happening? Pain causes the following reasons:
- Viruses. It's hard to avoid them. They are spread by airborne droplets and their outbreaks occur several times a year. All of them cause a sharp pain in the throat, which makes it difficult to swallow even saliva. The state of he alth worsens, headaches appear, the temperature rises to 38 degrees. There is redness of the throat, tearfulness, the child may have an increaselymph nodes.
- Bacteria. This infection is less common than viral. It can enter the body from the external environment, as well as when immunity is weakened due to an excessive increase in opportunistic bacteria that are inside each individual. Common symptoms of the disease are: sore and sore throat, swelling of the larynx and tonsils, weakness and high temperature up to 40 degrees.
- Fungi. As a result of the reproduction of mold and yeast-like fungi, various throat diseases appear. With such lesions, the mucous membrane is covered with a white or grayish coating, which has a curdled consistency. There is pain in the throat, but the temperature often remains normal. The cause of the disease is associated with a weakened immune system, prolonged treatment with antibiotics and malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Tumours. They can form in the larynx or be metastases of oncological diseases of other internal organs. In connection with the growth of neoplasms, patients develop a feeling of a coma in the throat. Trouble swallowing, voice becomes hoarse or hoarse.
- Allergy. Causes inflammation and swelling of the mucosa, which leads to itching and sore throat, shortness of breath, dry cough. The general condition worsens, irritability, weakness, increased fatigue appear. Body temperature remains within normal limits. Possible asthma attacks.
- Dry air. This problem occurs in winter due to heating, and in summer the air becomes dry due to the operation of air conditioners. To maintain normal humidity, you must usehumidifier or damp cloths.
- Strain of the ligaments. Soreness in the throat occurs in those who talk a lot and loudly. This ailment adversely affects a person's well-being, and the voice becomes hoarse.
- Foreign body. These can be small objects, parts of medical instruments, live objects, food remains. There is pain in the larynx, hoarseness, bouts of coughing and vomiting. Over time, inflammation develops, leading to swelling, and breathing becomes difficult.
Diagnosis for sore throat
To make an accurate diagnosis, you need to carry out the following activities:
- talking with the patient - identifying signs and complaints;
- external examination of the pharynx;
- neck palpation;
- examination of the body for skin rashes;
- examination of the paranasal sinuses, ears;
- bacteriological analysis of mucus;
- general and biochemical analysis of blood and urine.
Only after all the measures taken and the results of the examination, the final diagnosis is made and treatment is prescribed for sore throat.
Diseases with cough, fever and sore throat
Such symptoms are most often found in the following pathologies:
- Tonsillitis. It has a chronic or acute character, manifested in the form of tonsillitis. In this condition, the palatine tonsils become inflamed, they increase in size and purulent plugs or plaque form on the surface. There is a sharp pain and burning sensation in the throat. Body temperature can rise up to 39 degrees andcrashes badly. The causative agent is bacteria or viruses. To treat a sore throat without coughing with tonsillitis, you need to see a doctor who will prescribe a course of antibiotics or antiviral drugs, depending on the causative agent of the disease. Self-medication leads to serious complications.
- Sinusitis and sinusitis. Cough and sore throat are often associated with these diseases. Pathogenic microorganisms that caused sinusitis contribute to swelling of the upper respiratory tract and affect the oral mucosa. With prolonged acute sinusitis, which often becomes chronic, purulent discharges from the sinuses continuously drain into the throat. As a result, there is a continuous cough. For the treatment of sore throat and runny nose, drops with a vasoconstrictive effect are used, the nose is washed and the throat is rinsed with soda solution, antibiotics and antiallergic drugs are often added. After recovery, the sanitation of the nasal mucosa continues.
- SARS. The disease is caused by viruses. Body temperature does not exceed 38 degrees, there is pain in the throat and neck. As a result of drying and irritation of the mucosa, perspiration occurs. You should not bring down subfebrile temperature. Treatment of cough and sore throat is carried out with antiviral drugs prescribed by a doctor. With this disease, taking antibiotics is pointless, they will not help. It is recommended to use herbal infusions for gargling. Plentiful warm drink will help to get rid of the virus faster. To strengthen immunity, take vitamin complexes.
- Pharyngitis. When the disease appearsdryness, itching and stabbing pain in the throat, aggravated by swallowing and opening the mouth. The mucous membranes are red and inflamed, there is a plaque on the tonsils with the presence of pus. Patients suffer from sore throat and dry cough. Treatment is selected by the doctor depending on the clinical picture. This disease is easily confused with mycosis of the throat, which is caused by fungi and where a completely different treatment is prescribed. It is advisable to exclude sour, spicy and hot foods from the diet.
Throat conditions that resolve without fever
Acute infections of the upper respiratory tract cause sore throat, malaise, but may not have a fever. This happens for the following reasons:
- presence of strong immunity;
- incubation period;
- immunity created by vaccination or previous illness;
- weak protective functions of the body. He is unable to fight the infection.
Treatment of sore throat without fever depends entirely on the cause that caused such symptoms. Affected upper respiratory tract is usually softened by rinsing with chamomile decoction and s alt water, which also has an anti-inflammatory effect. A sore throat can also be present from a stuffy nose, as you have to breathe through your mouth all the time. As a result, the mucous membrane dries up and becomes irritated. In this case, sprays with sea water and vasoconstrictor nasal drops are used. For colds, inhalations with infusions of various medicinal herbs are indicated. Apply painkillers and bactericidal agents sold inpharmacy network. Without fever, a sore throat can also be treated with hot mustard foot baths. To increase the body's resistance, it is recommended to take vitamin C. It is far from always possible to cope with the disease without fever on your own. So if:
- no positive dynamics of treatment at home is planned in 2-3 days;
- sore throat getting worse;
- weakness rises;
- appears body aches and skin rashes.
It is recommended to immediately consult a doctor, otherwise the time will be omitted and the disease will instantly begin to progress.
Causes of sore throat in a pregnant woman and their elimination
As a result of weakened immunity due to pregnancy, a woman is predisposed to various infectious diseases. Sore throat can be caused by:
- viral lesions of the larynx;
- bacterial infections;
- fungi;
- allergic;
- toxicosis;
- mechanical damage.
A sore throat is not always a symptom of a serious illness, but a woman should see a doctor to determine its cause. To make a correct diagnosis, an initial examination of the patient is carried out, complaints are heard, and, if necessary, biomaterial is taken for analysis to determine the nature of the disease. When determining a viral infection, it is treated with folk remedies and medicines that are approved for use in this category of patients. A bacterial infection requires treatment of severe sore throat with antibiotics, which are prescribed only by a doctor, a fungal infection requires antimycotic agents. Sore throat caused by allergies requires immediate elimination of the allergen and the use of antihistamines. With toxicosis, unpleasant pain sensations are removed by adjusting the diet, drug support, and in severe cases, treatment is carried out in a hospital. Pain from mechanical damage to the larynx disappears after the cause of their cause is eliminated. Rinsing is used to make you feel better.
Treatment of sore throat during pregnancy with medication
First of all, it is worth noting that many medicines are prohibited for women in position. All medications for the treatment of sore throat of a pregnant woman should be used only as directed by the attending physician. In such cases, they most often use:
- Tablet dosage forms for resorption "Faringosept" and "Lizobakt". They have antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial effects.
- Sprays for irrigation: "Stopangin", "Gexoral", "Ingalipt". They are used two to three times a day after meals. The effectiveness of the sore throat treatment used will increase if, before injection, rinse the mouth with herbal decoctions, soda solution or furatsilin.
- Special products for lubricating the tonsils: Miramistin, Hexicon, Lugol. Antiseptic preparations remain active in the presence of pus and blood. They do not irritate the mucosa and do notcause an allergic reaction.
- Gargling with Rotokan tincture and furacilin solution. This manipulation is recommended to be performed every two hours.
All of the above can help relieve a sore throat and speed up recovery.
Treatment of folk remedies for sore throat in pregnant women
During pregnancy, when it is not advisable to take many medications, the throat should be treated with folk remedies. To do this, you can use:
- Hot milk. Add a piece of butter to a glass of boiled drink and drink the contents in small sips. The pain will subside temporarily. The procedure can be repeated several times a day.
- Inhalation with herbs. To treat a sore throat at home, herbal infusions are prepared from string, chamomile or coltsfoot, then they are added to the inhaler. After inhalation of vapors, the mucous membrane of the tonsils is moistened, pain and discomfort in the throat are reduced.
- Rinse. For this, various solutions are used: saline - a teaspoon of sea or table s alt in a glass of water; soda - the solution is prepared in the same way as the previous one; vinegar - one teaspoon of apple cider vinegar in a glass of warm water. To get the effect and eliminate the pain in the throat, gargling is carried out at least six times a day.
Traditional treatment of sore throat should be used with caution, as an allergic reaction is possible. It is especially possible with a combination of various herbs and honey.
Throat diseases in a child
A sore throat is the earliestsign of an incipient disease. Treatment of the baby must begin immediately, as a weak immune system cannot cope with the infection on its own. Pain is most often caused by bacteria or viruses. Parents themselves cannot make an accurate diagnosis, so you should immediately contact your doctor. When affected by a bacterial infection, the disease develops slowly. The child's well-being gradually worsens, the lymph nodes in the neck become inflamed, a yellowish or white coating appears on the tonsils, the temperature rises to 39–40 degrees. The whole process takes several days.
Viral infection appears suddenly. The child becomes lethargic, complains of sore throat and body aches, but the temperature usually does not rise above 38 degrees. All this happens in a few hours. It should be noted that with a viral infection, sore throats appear immediately, and with a bacterial infection, after two to three days. The treatment of sore throat in a child with a viral and bacterial infection is different. Only a doctor can choose the right therapy. However, parents can help the baby cope with the disease, for this you need:
- Ensure bed rest. Pay more attention to the child, read a book, calm and cheer.
- Eat the right diet. Prepare pureed soups, liquid cereals, vegetable and fruit purees, jelly, compotes. Keep your child away from hot, cold, sour foods.
- Plentiful drink. It will help to remove toxins from the body faster. Warm decoctions of herbs: St. John's wort, sage, linden androse hips will have an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effect.
- Rinse. To treat a sore throat at home, a soda or saline solution is suitable. Children as young as five years of age can perform this procedure on their own.
- Sprays. They will help relieve symptoms, remove discomfort. The drug "Aqua Maris" has proven itself well. It reduces inflammation, fights bacteria, and improves immunity. Apply from the age of one. "Bioparox" is used for sore throat, pharyngitis and laryngitis in children from 2.5 years old. Miramistin is indicated for fungal, viral, and bacterial infections. Approved for use from birth.
- Vitamin complexes. Taking them will help speed up the healing process.
All these remedies are in addition to the main treatment recommended by the doctor.
Treatment of throat in children using traditional medicine
"Folk" treatment for sore throat involves the use of the safest products and herbs. They are used for rinsing, lubricating, irrigating the throat or ingestion. Before using folk remedies, it is best to consult a doctor so as not to harm the child. Treatments that can be performed using home remedies:
Plentiful drink. Large volumes of warm drinks help to soften, moisturize the throat mucosa and reduce intoxication of the body. For children, teas are prepared with lime blossom, sage, rosehip, cranberry chamomile, raspberry, blackcurrant leaf.
Rinse. During treatmentsore throat helps eliminate pathogenic microbes, relieve pain when swallowing, remove swelling of the mucosa. To do this, use solutions:
- s alt or soda - half a teaspoon of s alt or soda must be dissolved in a glass of warm water;
- iodine - two drops of the substance and a little baking soda in a glass of boiled water;
- herbal - infusions of herbs of eucalyptus, oak bark, chamomile, sage are added to the water;
- beetroot - diluted in equal proportions with water.
Blurring. To consolidate the effect of rinsing, it is recommended to lubricate the inflamed tonsils after it. For this, vegetable oils are used: sea buckthorn, peach and eucalyptus.
All these procedures are quite suitable for the treatment of sore throat with fever in a child. They are carried out in combination or separately.
How to cure the throat of a child under one year old?
Attentive mother will always pay attention to the fact that the baby does not sleep well, does not want to take a bottle or breast and often cries. In this case, you need to look at the neck with a spoon. If redness is detected, it is necessary to visit the doctor as soon as possible, because the baby develops the disease very quickly. Depending on the diagnosis, the doctor will select the appropriate treatment regimen and prescribe the necessary drugs. It is preferable to use the following dosage forms for infants: drops, syrups, sprays, powders. Mom can also relieve sore throats on her own before the doctor arrives. To do this, in every house where there is a baby you need to have:
- saline or saline nose drops;
- essential oil(anise, eucalyptus, lemon, pine needles);
- dried herbs (eucalyptus, calendula, sage);
- nebulizer;
- humidifier.
Your baby can do the following treatments for a sore throat at home:
- Rinse the nose. The child should be regularly instilled into the nose with a pipette of saline. It cleans the nasal passages well and has an antibacterial effect, prevents the spread of infection. When rinsing the nose, the child's head should be turned to the side.
- Gargling. The tincture for rinsing is prepared from herbs or you can take the same saline solution. The child is placed face down on his knees, the solution is drawn into the syringe and injected into the mouth. It is better to perform this procedure together.
- Use of essential oil. It will disinfect the air, make breathing easier and help the baby recover. To do this, apply the oil on a paper napkin and put it in the room or use an aroma lamp.
- Plentiful drink. It's breast milk, it's sterile and helps fight germs.
- Inhalation for baby. Treatment of sore throat in the home environment can be carried out using a special nebulizer inhaler.
- Humidification. Dry air irritates a sore throat, so it needs to be kept moist.
For a sick baby to recover quickly, comfortable conditions in a well-ventilated room are needed.
Physiotherapy
The most effective throat treatments are:
- Irrigationdrugs glands and posterior pharyngeal wall using ultrasound. The device is used to treat sore throats in adults and children. It has a strong antiseptic effect on the mucous membrane. Miramistin is used as a medicinal solution, which, as a result of the cavitation effect, turns from a liquid into a finely dispersed state. Under the influence of a strong hydromechanical impact, the medicine enters the submucosal tonsils and has a therapeutic effect for a long time.
- Laser therapy. Laser exposure is carried out both on the outer surface of the neck, and directly on the back wall of the pharynx and tonsils. For this, a special tip is used, which is inserted into the oral cavity. The laser beam reduces the inflammatory process, reduces swelling. The result of the procedure is observed even after the first session.
- Vibroacoustic impact. It is used to improve blood circulation in tissues, eliminate congestion. As a result of vibration, the influx of leukocytes into the affected area increases, and pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed.
- UV irradiation. A method that has long been used to treat sore throats and coughs, as well as the nasal cavity. Under the influence of UV radiation, pathogenic microorganisms die, the patient's condition improves significantly.
- Magnetotherapy. This procedure is used to increase the rate of blood flow in the mucous tissues of the tonsils and the back wall of the larynx, which contributes to their nutrition. It is an adjuvant treatment for sore throat with good efficacy.
Conclusion
Treatment of sore throat should begin after a correct diagnosis, when all the causes of the disease have been clarified and laboratory tests have been carried out. Pain can occur with various infectious diseases, hypothermia, tumors, cervical osteochondrosis, HIV infection, syphilis and many other diseases.
It is difficult to understand such a variety of diseases and self-medication usually does not relieve symptoms, but is accompanied by serious complications. Taking medicines without a doctor's prescription causes pathology of the cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract. Loss of time and not going to the doctor reduces the likelihood of a complete recovery and increases the possibility of complications. If you have a sore throat, you should not put off a visit to the doctor for a long time, who will provide professional help.
