One of the most important tasks in modern society is the implementation of social patronage over people and families who, for various reasons, find themselves in a difficult situation. The solution to this problem lies with certain state institutions and various public organizations. As a result of the current situation in the country and the growing problem of neglect, the number of families in need of patronage is constantly growing.
Most often, medical and social-pedagogical patronage is carried out.
This is a service that is provided to risk groups and individual clients. Employees carry out constant supervision, visit the homes of people who are in a difficult situation, provide them with certain types of assistance.
Basic concepts
Social patronage is understood as a kind of technology that allows you to find solutions to various crisis situations and involvesaccompanying children, disabled people, families faced with similar problems. The technology combines control, diagnostic, adaptive and rehabilitation functions. Patronage is aimed at establishing and maintaining long-term ties with the family, timely search for problem situations, and providing immediate assistance.
Patronage of a socio-pedagogical type is established over families that turned out to be:
- In crisis situations provoked by the death of a family member, divorce and the like.
- In a difficult situation in life when there are problems of a psychological nature, the detection of chronic diseases, as a result of losing a job, when gaining a disability.
- In dangerous situations associated with vagrancy, domestic violence, drug addiction, alcoholism.
Current practice shows that specialists carry out patronage of dysfunctional families in cases where their members do not fulfill their duties, cannot cope with problems and life difficulties on their own.
Who can receive patronage
In addition, social patronage of the family is established if the indicated persons:
- Socially unhe althy, may pose a risk to society.
- Closed, socially isolated.
- They are in a state of constant socio-psychological maladjustment.
- Have a weakened connection with society, other family members, or there is no such connection at all.
- Nothave the resources to carry out personal and social growth, or do not have the skills to use these resources. It can be professional, spiritual, material forms.
Determine the need for patronage over the family should be the organization that controls it, as well as the interdepartmental commission, one of the functions of which is to control this procedure.
Types of patronage for the elderly and disabled
legal assistance to such families. The functions of social patronage of the disabled are very extensive.
Who provides patronage
The duties are entrusted to a specialist, a representative of the interdepartmental commission, the service of patronage nurses, by whose decision control was established over the family. They, if there is such a need, have the right to make adjustments to the plan of their activities and interaction with disadvantaged people.
The family is put on patronage only if there is a real need and a reasonable decision. Such a decision should be taken without haste, because in some cases, consulting services, support, and individual preventive and rehabilitation measures are sufficient.
Guidelines
The main principles of social patronage, on the basis of which the services organize their activities, taking into account the materials from the social teacher, are as follows:
- Promotion of family unity.
- Preventive focus.
- Objectivity.
- Optimization.
- Complexity (works must be carried out in a complex, and not in a single order).
- Systematic (actions must be interconnected, complementing each other).
Varieties
Social patronage of the family can be of several types:
- Legal.
- Economic.
- Pedagogical.
- Psychological.
- Medical.
Let's consider them in more detail.
Medical and social patronage can be established in relation to sick or physically handicapped family members, including in relation to children with disabilities and in need of daily care. The content of such care is compiled taking into account the category of the person in care. It may include the delivery of food, medicine, feeding, hygiene services, cleaning of the living quarters, night duty and other activities that allow a person to ensure a normal existence if he is unable to satisfy the necessary needs on his own.
The main task of an employee providing medical and social patronage is to perform these services, establish trusting relationships with the ward,tolerance.
Social and psychological patronage is that a social worker provides psychological and social assistance to people at risk: living in stressful or conflict conditions, in a state of emotional stress, chronic psychological maladaptation, having problems in raising children. Their responsibilities include advising clients, finding alternative ways out of the current conflict situations together with the wards, performing the functions of an intermediary between a person and the people who surround him. Social workers provide assistance aimed at reducing the anxiety of the ward, skillfully introduce him into the process of changes that are provided for in the work plan.
Tasks
The main task of social patronage of children is to provide social workers with effective and comprehensive assistance in a difficult situation. At the same time, specialists are guided by personal pedagogical capabilities. Social and pedagogical patronage is aimed at increasing the competence of parents, the formation of positive motivation to find a way out of crisis situations, the restoration of relationships between children and parents, the formation of their social position aimed at the normal development of a person.
As part of the socio-economic patronage, material assistance is provided through the provision of food, coupons, clothing, and benefits. The socio-economic type of patronage is a special case.
Socialpatronage of the elderly.
This involves systematic monitoring of the wards in order to identify the threat of violence. In addition, assistance is provided based on the methods of social patronage.
What activities do workers carry out
Workers do the following activities:
- Make visits to families, study and identify the causes of the problem.
- Provide specific (sometimes emergency) assistance that can resolve crisis circumstances.
- Provide preventive measures that meet needs, help stabilize favorable changes, sustain gains, reduce or eliminate risk factors through inducement, mediation, education.
- Combine the actions of employees of relevant services to eliminate problem situations in families.
Types of social support
Social support, if necessary, is provided by families, parents, guardians, guardians, and other representatives of minors. This type of activity is carried out by authorized services that have the legal right to exercise psychological patronage. Support can be of several types: legal, labor, socio-pedagogical, psychological, medical, household.
In addition, patronage institutions provide urgent services of public importance: the provision of hot meals, the provision of necessary shoes and clothing, legal support, assistance intemporary housing.
Supervisory authorities
Socio-pedagogical patronage implies an activity aimed at serving wards at risk at home. In this connection, the procedure for the provision of such a service is controlled by the service for children, the department of social protection, the center of social services.
The formation and implementation of quality control are regulated by federal law No. 256 of July 21, 2014.
