Sight is perhaps one of the main human senses, because through the eyes people receive the most information. In order to see the world with a clear, sharp look, a very complex process takes place in the human body, associated with the eyes and brain. If there is the slightest failure in this system, then vision fails and leads to nearsightedness and farsightedness.
Myopia
Medical statistics says that every fourth person has problems with myopia. This disease is characterized by the fact that visual acuity decreases and objects that are far away are poorly perceived. This process is associated with a large refraction in the optical system of the eye, which does not correspond to the length of its axis. Myopia can develop as a disease and leads to a gradual deterioration of vision. Or it progresses to a certain point, and vision is in a constantly bad condition and does notchanges over the course of many years.
Hyperopia
This eye disease can be called the opposite of myopia, since the problem of farsightedness is associated with the perception of objects at close range. But, if there is an in-depth problem of farsightedness, then the perception of objects at a long distance is disturbed. This problem occurs due to a short eyeball or flat cornea. This condition prevents the rays of light entering the eye from being refracted to the extent that would be sufficient to focus on the retina. Therefore, the image is not focused on the retina, but behind it. Usually this disease is characteristic of people over 40 years old, this problem is also common in newborn children.
Difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness
In order for a person to be able to see the picture normally at any distance, the optical axis must have the correct direction, and it must focus on the retina. Light rays provide information about the image that is transmitted through the cornea and lens. This information is then sent to the retina to be converted into a nerve impulse. In the part of the brain that is responsible for the visual apparatus, the beam enters through the optic nerve. In the event that the process of refraction of rays occurs outside the retina, then visual acuity deteriorates, and at the same time it has a different distance.
One should clearly distinguish between nearsightedness and farsightedness. What it is has already been described above in the article, but simpleIn words, the difference between the two symptoms is how far you can see.
Causes of nearsightedness and farsightedness
Eye disease does not occur by itself, there are reasons for all this. In order not to have vision problems, you need to know how myopia and farsightedness occur.
Causes of myopia:
- Heredity. If one of the parents suffers from a similar problem, then there is a high probability that the children will also inherit this pathology.
- Work at close range. This mainly applies to those people who work a lot with a computer. Schoolchildren who have not yet fully developed their bodies are considered the most vulnerable to this problem.
- Weakened body. This factor includes various he alth problems: birth injuries, poor immunity, infectious diseases, overwork, and more.
- Shape of the eyeball.
- Poor conditions for visual work.
Causes of farsightedness:
- Reducing the size of the eyeball on the anterior and posterior axis.
- Age reason. Babies are almost always born with farsightedness problems. In addition, people over the age of 25 may already begin to feel a deterioration in vision, but only by the age of 45 this problem becomes pronounced.
Basically, as said, the causes of nearsightedness and farsightedness occur throughout life, as many people are exposed to modern environmental conditions.
How to diagnose farsightedness and nearsightedness
So, it has already become clear how myopia and hyperopia occur, what it is, but how to diagnose them in time? Untimely access to a specialist can lead to loss of vision. To prevent this from happening, you need to understand the difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness. What it is and how to deal with the problem can only be said by an ophthalmologist.
The following symptoms are typical for farsightedness:
- Objects at close range are poorly seen.
- Eyes get tired quickly when reading.
- Headaches, burning eyes may occur during work.
- Frequent eye inflammation (conjunctivitis, stye).
If at least one factor has been noticed, you should definitely contact an ophthalmologist who will check your vision using a phoropret or using a computer method.
Myopia also has its own signs, which must be determined in time. You can independently notice that vision is impaired, but basically only a specialist can carry out such a diagnosis.
- Vision is determined by glasses.
- Diagnosis of refraction and keratometry.
- Measuring the length of the eye using ultrasound diagnostics.
- Review of the fundus.
The sooner all the studies are done, the more effective the treatment will be.
Children's vision problem
The modern world has a detrimental effect on the condition of the eyes. This is especially true for smallchildren and teenagers. Nearsightedness and farsightedness are common in children. Farsightedness for children is considered the norm and by the age of 11, as a rule, everything is getting better, but there are times when the problem does not go away and leads to serious visual impairment.
There are times when children do not complain about vision problems and farsightedness occurs in a latent form. This can lead to a general deterioration in the he alth of the child: irritability, headaches, and poor he alth. Such a problem is solved only after a competent examination and treatment.
Another situation is with myopia. Since this problem has many factors that cause eye diseases: heredity, congenital pathologies, prematurity, visual load, malnutrition, various infections.
The first examination by a doctor is performed at the age of 3 months, at which the optometrist looks at the size and shape of the eyeballs, how the baby reacts and focuses on bright objects.
Correction
In time, certain vision problems are solved quite simply. Regardless of whether myopia and farsightedness is a hereditary or acquired disease, laser correction can be cured. This method has established itself as an effective treatment for such problems in many countries around the world. People get rid of after the correction in the need to use glasses or lenses.
How is myopia and hyperopia corrected? Hereit should be noted that for each individual there is a different method, since the eyes of each of us are unique, like fingerprints.
This procedure is fast and very safe. After the ophthalmologist conducts a series of studies and tests, he proceeds to the operation, after which the patient's vision returns. The correction is performed using local anesthesia, its duration is about 20 minutes, but all the manipulations associated with the laser take no more than a minute.
Hospitalization after the operation is not required. It is enough to stay in the hospital for several hours. The result will be noticeable the very next day, and the full restoration of vision comes after one week.
Correction does not contribute to the deterioration of vision in the long term, on the contrary, this process is irreversible and remains forever.
Treatment of eye problems
Traditional medicine finds many ways to restore focus. Treatment is possible with glasses for nearsightedness and farsightedness, which use concave lenses for nearsightedness and convex lenses for farsightedness.
Also, lenses are often used for nearsightedness and farsightedness. At first, a person may feel some difficulty in handling them, but over time they become very practical and comfortable.
But keeping up with the times, people with the help of modern methods of treatment are able to get rid of such diseases, and completely abandon the use of glasses or lenses.
Positive and negative aspects of wearing lenses and glasses
It is possible to correct the problem of vision with the help of glasses and lenses, but it must be borne in mind that they have their advantages and disadvantages.
Glasses Benefits:
- When using glasses, you can not bring germs into the eyes, because they do not come into contact with the cornea, so they do not provoke all kinds of infectious diseases.
- They do not require special care and use of various solutions, which certainly saves money.
- Affordable price.
- Appearance changes, with well-chosen glasses you can change your image for the better.
Flaws:
- Frames can put pressure on the bridge of the nose.
- In case of a high degree of myopia, glasses with thick glass are used, and they visually reduce the eyes.
- Crashed or lost.
- Glasses fog up. And when it rains, they are almost impossible to wear.
- Peripheral vision is still distorted.
Lens Benefits:
- Do not distort the image.
- They are not visible to the eyes and they do not change the appearance of a person.
- Do not fog up, do not get wet in rainy weather.
- Do not break.
- Peripheral vision is not limited.
Lens flaws:
- If they are not used correctly, they can injure the cornea.
- Daily putting them on and taking them off.
- Lost, torn.
- If a mote gets into the eye, then its removal is possible only when the lens is removed.
- Require specialcare.
Here, everyone chooses what is best for him to use.
Contraindications for vision restoration
If there are practically no contraindications for wearing lenses and glasses, then in cases of laser correction, you should know when it should not be done.
- If the woman is pregnant.
- During lactation.
- Diabetes mellitus.
- Glaucoma or cataract.
- If the fundus has irreversible changes.
- Inflammatory processes in the body.
It can be said that both nearsightedness and farsightedness can be cured. Treatment should be timely, since neglected forms are difficult to correct.
Prevention
Myopia, farsightedness can be prevented in advance. Prevention of these diseases is slightly different. For myopia:
- We need to do visual gymnastics.
- Lighting at work must be correct.
- Reading in public transport should be avoided.
- If a person is at the computer for a long time, then every half an hour you need to be distracted and do physical exercises for the eyes.
For farsightedness:
In this situation, only therapeutic intervention will help. But in order not to suffer from a similar problem in old age, experts advise eating more walnuts, carrots, beets, parsley, etc.
So, now it has become clear myopia and farsightedness, whichWhat is it and how are these diseases different? If you pay attention to myopia, farsightedness in time, start treatment on time, you can save your eyesight.
If a person can inherit myopia or earn it himself, then farsightedness is a normal phenomenon at birth, and this is the disease that overtakes people in old age. It is worth taking care of your he alth, and especially your eyesight.
