Urolithiasis: symptoms and treatment in men. Signs and diagnosis of the disease

2024 Author: Curtis Blomfield | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 20:44

Urolithiasis (UCD) is a pathology that is always accompanied by pain. Uncomfortable sensations are often localized in the lower back. But if the stone moves towards the exit, pain can be felt throughout the abdomen. Such symptoms often underlie the misdiagnosis and make the patient suspect appendicitis or an ulcer. Therefore, let's consider what are the symptoms and treatment in men with the diagnosis of "urolithiasis".

What underlies the disease?

The disease is much more common in the stronger sex than in women. The statistics give the following figures. Men are three times more likely to be diagnosed with urolithiasis.

Causes of pathology doctors divide into two groups: external and internal factors. Consider them.

External factors leading to stone formation:

1. Climate features. Dry air often leads to dehydration.
2. Soil structure. It affects the electrolyte content of foods.
3. Water. Aturolithiasis, the source of pathology can be an excess of s alts in the fluid consumed. This leads to a high concentration of them in the urine. In addition, the acidity of the water affects stone formation.
4. Daily routine. Physical inactivity contributes to the development of pathology.
5. Lack of liquid. Low water intake seriously increases the risk of disease.
6. Power mode. The formation of stones contributes to the excessive consumption of meat products, as well as foods containing many purine bases (sorrel, spinach, peas).

These are not the only sources that affect the development of pathologies such as urolithiasis. The reasons may lie in internal factors:

1. Urinary tract infections: urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis.
2. Pathologies of the digestive tract: cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, colitis.
3. Infections of other organs: osteomyelitis, furunculosis, tonsillitis.
4. Abnormal development of the bladder, kidneys, ureters.

Symptoms of the disease

Urolithiasis has no special clinical manifestations in the initial stages. Symptoms and treatment in men are often absent during this period. Pathology can be detected if other diseases are diagnosed.

Characteristic signs of urolithiasis occur in a patient during the advancement of stones. The most basic symptom is severe, sudden onset pain. This condition is characterized as renal colic.

She has the following characteristics:

1. About severe pain that gets worse from time to time.
2. Fever may occur.
3. Painful discomfort appears suddenly, often during shaking, movement, or after a large amount of fluid taken, alcohol. Changing the position of the body does not eliminate the pain.
4. Discomfort can spread to the lumbar region, lower abdomen, groin.

Features of symptoms

Localization of pain and its nature allow you to determine the place where the stones are located, if the patient is diagnosed with urolithiasis. Symptoms and treatment in men depend entirely on their location:

1. Discomfort in the lumbar region (near the costovertebral angle), spreading to the groin, characterizes the localization of kidney stones and their movement along the ureter. With this pathology, blood often appears in the urine.
2. If the pain is concentrated on the side of the lumbar area and spreads to the groin, then the stone is high. Painful discomfort occurs as a result of stretching of the kidney capsule.
3. A moving stone always causes pain. The ball radiates, as a rule, to the anterior region of the thigh and scrotum.
4. Pain is constant. Sometimes the patient has periods of relief, which are replaced by exacerbation. Such symptoms are typical for the localization of stones in the bladder.

In addition to the above clinical manifestations, there may be otherssigns:

• dysuria;
• deterioration of the patient's condition;
• fever;
• hematuria;
• nausea, vomiting;
• retention of urine output due to blockage of the bladder neck.

Diagnosis of disease

To confirm the diagnosis of "urolithiasis", the patient's medical history is studied very carefully by the attending physician. The doctor is interested in the treatment carried out in the past, its effectiveness. Such measures allow you to correctly prescribe adequate therapy.

Diagnosis is made as a result of the following data:

1. The patient has characteristic symptoms. Periodically appearing acute pain in the lumbar region, abdomen or groin. Incomplete emptying of the bladder. Burning sensation during urination in the urethra.
2. Inspection data. The doctor feels the abdomen, as a result of which inflammatory pathologies of the peritoneum, such as pancreatitis, cholecystitis, appendicitis, are excluded. Tapping the lumbar zone and abdomen makes it possible to differentiate the pathology from lumbago, sciatica, pyelonephritis. External examination of the patient can characterize many diseases of the urinary system. The patient's posture, skin color, and puffiness are taken into account.
3. characteristic for the pathology indicators of the general analysis of urine. As a rule, increased density is detected. Un altered erythrocytes are found in the urine. High concentration of s alts is noted. Such indicators of the general analysis of urine characterize the presence of urolithiasis in the patient.
4. Dataultrasound. This examination accurately determines the diagnosis and gives an idea of the size, shape and localization of stones.
5. CT scan results. The examination is used if the ultrasound did not give a complete description of the pathology.
6. The results of radiopaque examination. This method allows you to examine the flow of urine in detail. Diagnostics reveals where the blockage of the ducts occurred.

Varieties of stones

It is very important not only to identify such a pathology as urolithiasis. Symptoms and treatment in men are completely dependent on the type of calculus. That is why it is advisable not to resort to traditional medicine, but to entrust your he alth to an experienced professional.

The following stones can form with urolithiasis:

1. Oxalate. Such stones are formed from the calcium s alt of oxalic acid. They are distinguished by high density, prickly surface. Initially, their color is black and gray. If the stone injures the mucous membrane, due to the blood pigment, it becomes black or dark brown.
2. Phosphate. They contain the calcium s alt of phosphoric acid. As a rule, the stone is smooth or slightly rough. It can take on a variety of forms. The texture of the stone is soft. It is distinguished by light gray or white color. Such a stone tends to grow rapidly. Very easy to crush.
3. Urate. They are formed by uric acid or its s alts. The stones are yellow-brick in color. They have a smooth surface but a firm texture. Crushing is possible with the help of medications.
4. Carbonate. They contain the calcium s alt of carbonic acid. The consistency of the stones is soft, and the shape is diverse. The calculus has a smooth surface and is distinguished by its white color.
5. Cystine. They are formed by the sulfur compound of the amino acid cystine. The stones are rounded, yellowish-white. As a rule, they have a smooth surface, soft texture.
6. Protein. Their formation is facilitated by fibrin with an admixture of bacteria and s alts. The stones are white, small, soft and flat.
7. Cholesterol. They are extremely rare in the kidneys. Consist of cholesterol, have a soft texture, differ in black color. Such calculi are dangerous because they crumble easily.

Treatment of disease

The tactics of dealing with pathology is determined by the urologist. For treatment, surgical methods and conservative therapy are used. The choice of the necessary method depends on the patient's condition, his age, the size and location of the stone, the clinical course of the pathology, the presence of physiological or anatomical changes, as well as the stage of renal failure.

In most cases, surgery is required to remove stones. The exception is calculi formed by uric acid. These stones can be dissolved with conservative treatment.

Initially, the patient is prescribed the following drugs for urolithiasis:

1. Anspasmodics. They eliminate the spasm of the ureter, help to relax its walls. This reduces painsensations and facilitate the passage of stones. The following drugs are recommended to the patient: Papaverine, No-shpa, Halidor, Diprofen.
2. Painkillers. They are prescribed in case of an attack of renal colic. Means that perfectly eliminate pain syndrome: "Analgin", "Bral", "Tempalgin", "Baralgin", "Pentalgin", "Tetralgin".

Some patients may be prescribed antibiotics. They are introduced into therapy if an infection is attached to urolithiasis. The choice of the necessary antibiotics can only be made by a doctor based on the examination.

Dissolving urates

It is extremely important to understand: only a doctor will tell you how to treat urolithiasis, since you can choose the necessary medicines to dissolve the calculus after determining its type.

The following drugs are used to treat urates:

1. "Allopurinol", "Allozim", "Allopron", "Allupol", "Zilorik", "Milurit", "Remid", "Sanfipurol", "Purinol". Such medicines help reduce the deposition of uric acid s alts.
2. "Etamid". The drug stimulates the intensive excretion of urates along with urine. Helps reduce uric acid s alts in the body.
3. "Ugly". Combined drug that causes alkalization of urine. The drug promotes the formation of soluble s alts with uric acid.
4. Uralit U. The tool is used to dissolve urates. Protects the body from the formation of new stones.
5. "Blemarin". The drug is able to dissolve urates and some other urinary stones.
6. Solimok. Excellentdissolves urinary stones, mainly urates.

Dissolving oxalates

If a patient is diagnosed with these stones, drug therapy includes drugs:

1. Marelin.
2. "Spilled". A herbal preparation that promotes the dissolution of oxalate stones.
3. Medicinal fees 7; No. 8; No. 9; No. 10. Such funds are officially recognized by urology. They have diuretic, litholytic (dissolving stones), antispasmodic properties.

Dissolving phosphates

To combat this pathology, drugs are most in demand:

1. "Madder dye extract". This tool allows you to loosen the phosphates. In addition, the drug has antispasmodic and diuretic effects.
2. "Marelyn". The drug not only softens the stones, but also perfectly eliminates the spasm of the renal pelvis, ureter. The medicine relieves inflammation in the genitourinary system.

Dissolution of cystine stones

When this pathology is detected, it is most advisable to take the following medicines:

1. "Penicillamine". The agent forms a specific compound with cystine, which is easily dissolved in the urine. This allows you to reduce the stones.
2. "Thiopronin". The effect on the body of the drug is similar to the above medicine. It is prescribed if "Penicillamine" was ineffective.
3. "Potassium citrate", "Sodium bicarbonate". Medications that alkalize urine. As a result, cystine stones dissolve.
4. Uralit.

Features of food

All patients must follow the diet prescribed by the doctor. Urolithiasis in men, depending on the type of stones, imposes certain dietary restrictions.

If a patient has urate, then it is necessary to minimize the use:

1. Foods rich in purines. These are fish, animal meat, mushrooms, offal, legumes, meat broths. Such food is allowed 1 time per week.
2. Alcohol. Patients are prohibited from drinking red wine, beer.

Diet food should be based on the following food:

• bell peppers, tomatoes, eggplant, potatoes;
• mild cheese;
• millet, buckwheat, barley groats;
• fruits, berries;
• pasta;
• eggs;
• milk, cottage cheese, dairy products.

Patients diagnosed with oxalates should limit their intake of the following foods:

• spinach, lettuce, sorrel;
• beets, carrots, tomatoes;
• sauerkraut;
• celery, parsley;
• coffee, tea;
• jelly, jellies;
• chocolate, cocoa;
• green beans;
• chicken, beef;
• currants, citrus fruits, sour apples.

It is recommended to enrich the diet with foods containing calcium, magnesium, vitamin B6. The following food is preferred:

• dairy products;
• whole grains, cereals;
• potato, pumpkin, cabbage;
• nuts;
• apricots, bananas, pears, watermelons;
• peas.

When detecting phosphates in the diet should be limited:

• cranberries, currants, cranberries;
• vegetables, fruits;
• fermented milk products, cottage cheese, cheese, dairy products;
• alcohol;
• hot spices;
• carbonated drinks;
• coffee.

It is recommended to give preference to products containing little calcium, but having an acidic reaction. Vitamin A is good.

The following foods are preferred in the diet:

• various soups;
• vegetable oil;
• pasta, bread;
• butter;
• fish, meat;
• fruit drinks and juices from sour berries and fruits (cranberries, citrus fruits, apples).

With cystine stones, the following foods are to be excluded:

1. Offal - spleen, liver, kidneys.
2. Fish, meat. It is allowed to use no more than 3 days a week. The daily dose is 200-250 mg.
3. Eggs (only one per day).
4. Wheat flour.
5. Beans.

It is recommended to enrich the diet with foods containing many vitamins, such as:

• watermelons;
• citrus;
• lingonberries;
• grapes;
• strawberry;
• raisins;
• garnet;
• olives;
• pears;
• currant;
• carrot;
• nuts;
• blueberries.

Conclusion

If necessarypatients with a diagnosis of "MKD" (urolithiasis) may be recommended special methods for crushing stones. As you can see, any pathology can be de alt with. The main thing is not to give up and strictly follow all doctor's prescriptions.