Diseases of the retina (fundus) are among the most common human vision diseases that lie in wait for him throughout his life. Most often they appear after 45 years.
It is this age that becomes a turning point when the metabolism that occurs in the human body is rebuilt and takes a course towards aging. Circulatory failure appears, affecting all organs and tissues, including the retina.
As a rule, there are no specific complaints specific to the disease of the fundus. Decreased vision usually occurs when the eye disease is already sufficiently formed, and the maximum available treatment can only stop the loss of vision, but not improve it.
Symptoms that should alert a person and push him to visit an ophthalmologist include changes such as:
- curvature and / or combination of letters when reading;
- the appearance of photopsy is light flashesand flickering sparks with closed eyes, appearing after physical exertion and / or eye movement;
- changes in peripheral vision;
- deterioration of vision in the evening;
- violation of color perception;
- falling objects out of sight.
All of these specific conditions suggest retinal pathology.
Main fundus diseases
Diseases affecting the retina are many. But the most common are the following types:
1. Atrophy (death) of the optic nerve. This eye disease is characterized by the formation of inflammation of the main optic nerve, causing its regressive pathological changes. There is a significant decrease in vision, a decrease in the field of view. On ophthalmoscopic examination, a dull optic disc is clearly visible.
2. Pigmentary dystrophy of the eye retina. With this disease, the formation of pigmented light foci occurs, having the appearance of a star or a cell and located on the equator of the fundus.
This eye disease in the initial stage is characterized by a decrease in twilight vision. Blind spots are formed in the field of view, having the form of a ring. Gradually, the visual field narrows to a tubular type, in which the patient can clearly see objects located strictly in the center. As the visual field narrows, visual acuity deteriorates, and the blood vessels of the fundus become thinner.
3. Centralinflammation of the retina. This eye disease is accompanied by a pathological change in the retina associated with a spasm of the blood vessels passing through it.
At an early stage of the disease, obstructions to vision appear, localized in the center of the field of vision, the objects in question appear to be visually reduced, and temporary farsightedness develops. The fundus of the eye is prone to spasms of blood vessels and has a gray-red bulge in the area of the macula.
Diagnosis of eye diseases
Modern development of ophthalmology makes it possible to perform all the necessary studies required to establish an accurate diagnosis. These studies include:
- establishment of visual acuity (by subjective or computer method);
- measurement of pressure inside the eye;
- retinal examination;
- keratotopography;
- eyeball examination;
- general electrophysiological studies;
- fluorescein digital angiography.
Modern diagnostic tools in ophthalmology help not only to make an accurate diagnosis, but also contribute to the control and effective management of the disease treatment process.
