Vasomotor rhinitis is a chronic disease caused by the expansion of the blood vessels of the nasal cavity under the influence of external or internal factors. With an incorrect reaction of blood vessels to irritants, persistent nasal congestion appears. How to distinguish chronic vasomotor rhinitis in a child from ordinary inflammation of the mucosa, from a cold and effectively cure it?
What is vasomotor rhinitis?
The basis of vasomotor rhinitis is not an inflammatory process, but a violation of the regulation of the tone of the vessels located in the lower region of the nasal conchas. There is their increased activity on various types of stimuli, both external and internal. It should be noted that pathogenic viruses and microbes initially do not play any role in the development of vasomotor rhinitis. But later, with a change in vascular tone, secondary infection may well form.pathogenic microorganisms, as a result, the nature of the discharge will also change.
Causes of vasomotor rhinitis in children
Babies with vasomotor rhinitis suffer from a number of reasons, and their treatment always depends on the factor that provoked the disease. The main reasons are:
- congenital or acquired deviated septum;
- presence of polyps in the nose or adenoids in the throat;
- prolonged use of certain anti-inflammatory or vasoconstrictor drugs;
- frequent stressful situations;
- increased physical activity;
- poor environmental situation;
- exposure to strong odors;
- hypothermia;
- immunity weakening;
- hormonal disruptions;
- effect of the food factor.
In addition, vasomotor rhinitis occurs with vegetative-vascular disorders, neoplasms and climate change.
Main forms of the disease
There are three main forms of vasomotor rhinitis in children:
- Allergic - develops when an allergen gets on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, which can be: plant pollen, animal dander, food, dust, medicines, polluted air. Runny nose occurs seasonally or constantly throughout the year.
- Neurovegetative - associated with disorders in the work of some department of the autonomic nervous system or with vegetative dystonia. As a result, the child has a hormonal imbalance,endocrine system, fluctuations in blood pressure occur, the tone of the vessels of the nose changes. With a slight irritation, the nasal conchas swell and it becomes difficult to breathe.
- Medication - occurs when vasoconstrictor drugs are abused. If the parents do not comply with the dosage or use the drug for more than five to seven days, there is a copious discharge of exudate and constant nasal congestion.
Depending on the form of the disease of vasomotor rhinitis in children, the symptoms and treatment will have certain differences.
Signs of disease manifestation
All symptoms of the disease are divided into primary and secondary. Primary includes:
- periodic mucus discharge, sometimes for no specific reason;
- nasal congestion;
- Itchy nose and sneezing;
- Coughing and nausea due to mucus running down the back of the throat.
Secondary symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis in a child include:
- teary;
- impaired sense of smell;
- changing the timbre of the voice;
- insomnia;
- fatigue;
- sweating.
Nasal congestion most often occurs in the supine position and on one side, and then on the other. There may be swelling on the face. In advanced cases, the child's condition worsens, ventilation of the lungs is disturbed, and due to poor oxygen supply to the brain cells, brain hypoxia occurs.
Diagnosis
Treatment of vasomotor rhinitis in a child begins only after an accurate diagnosis is confirmed and the causes that caused it are identified. To do this, when contacting a doctor after talking with parents and collecting an anamnesis, the child is assigned the following studies:
- analysis of urine and blood (general);
- blood tests for allergen content;
- allergy skin tests;
- X-ray examination of the sinuses;
- rhinoscopy;
- examination with an endoscope.
After receiving the results of all examinations, the child is prescribed appropriate therapy.
Drug treatment of disease
Competent choice of medications in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis in a child is the most important step. Not only the result depends on this, but also his he alth in the future. There are several groups of drugs used in the treatment:
Vasoconstrictor - help reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa. They have a quick effect, immediately stop the discharge from the nose and make breathing easier. An important condition is to comply with the dosage prescribed by the doctor and the maximum time for using the drug (no more than 7 days). For treatment, Naphthyzin, Xylen, Nazivin are used
- Moisturizing and emollient - provide liquefaction of mucus, which is then easily removed from the nose, preventing the development of pathogenic microbes. Funds can be used up to four or more times a day. They are available in various shapes and are equipped with nozzles for softmetered spray when used in young children. The use of preparations based on sea water prevents swelling and improves immunity. Often use "Rinostop Aqua", "Marimer", "Aquamaris", "Aqualor".
- Antihistamines - stabilize mast cell membranes. Children are prescribed syrups and drops inside: Erius, Claritin, Suprastinex, Zodak, Peritol. Sprays and drops in the nose: "Histimet", "Vibrocil", "Vividrin". In severe cases, glucocorticosteroids are prescribed: Avamys, Nozefrin, Benarin.
- To increase immunity use: "Cycloferon", "Immunal", "Interferon".
When treating symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis in children, it is necessary to give them plenty of fluids: water, fruit drinks, compotes, fresh juices. Indoors, systematically carry out wet cleaning, airing and air humidification procedures. If therapy fails, a laser is used to cauterize vessels in the nasal cavity.
Physiotherapy treatments
In the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis, physiotherapy procedures occupy a special place:
- Inhalations - help moisturize the mucous membrane, thin the mucus, with its subsequent removal. To perform the procedure, use saline or diluted sea s alt, adding essential oils to it.
- Kuf-therapy - using ultraviolet rays. This procedure helps to recover damaged and atrophied tissues, promotes the production of the hormone melanin and vitamin D.the addition of a secondary infection destroys the pathogenic microflora.
- UHF-therapy - treatment of vasomotor rhinitis in a child with the help of this procedure is carried out by the influence of high-frequency currents on the nasal cavity. As a result, swelling decreases, blood flow in the tissues increases, and pain is relieved. UHF is assigned to children from the age of three.
All physiotherapeutic procedures are carried out in combination with drug treatment.
Folk remedies for the treatment of rhinitis
To help with medical and physiotherapeutic treatment, the child's condition can be alleviated using simple folk remedies:
- Give your child plenty to drink, using clean water, fruit drinks, fresh juices, compotes.
- When treating a child with vasomotor rhinitis, it is necessary to rinse the nose several times a day using soda or saline. To do this, dissolve a teaspoon of soda or table s alt in a liter of warm boiled water.
- Carry out inhalations with herbal infusion, to which a few drops of oil are added. They soften the nasal mucosa and promote the rapid discharge of mucus.
- Instill oily solutions 2-3 drops every two hours into the nose using vitamin A oil, petroleum jelly and olive oil.
- To increase immunity, they drink rosehip decoction and echinacea tincture.
All of these treatments will help ease your baby's breathing.
Surgical treatment
How to treat vasomotor rhinitis in a child? In that case whenall methods of conservative therapy have been tried, surgical treatment is prescribed. Infants are operated on only when birth defects or tumor growth in the nasal cavity are detected. Surgical treatment of vasomotor rhinitis is prescribed for children after 12 years of age in the complete absence of nasal breathing. All surgeries are performed using general anesthesia. At the same time:
- Polyps are removed with a coagulator to reduce bleeding.
- Edema of the mucosa is treated with a laser, burning out thin strips on the shell of the turbinates;
- Laser photodestruction eliminates the expansion of veins and arteries.
- In case of mucosal hypertrophy, ultrasound removes excess tissue, making breathing easier.
After any surgical intervention, in order to avoid bleeding, nasal passages are plugged.
Treatment according to Komarovsky
Vasomotor rhinitis Komarovsky calls an unpleasant, but not a serious disease. This type of runny nose in children often occurs as an allergic reaction of the nasal mucosa to an irritant:
- aromatic substances;
- infections;
- various dust;
- drugs;
- changes in humidity and temperature.
In addition to the allergic form, there is often a neurodynamic form, when the violation of the activity of the nervous mechanisms responsible for the physiology of the nasopharynx narrows the vessels of the nasal mucosa. Vasomotor rhinitis is characterized by nasal congestion, watery, colorlessdischarge, headache, sleep and memory problems. Hypotension often suffers from a similar ailment.
Treatment of vasomotor rhinitis in children according to Komarovsky is carried out in a complex using:
- drugs;
- physiotherapy;
- general strengthening activities.
When a baby has a stuffy nose, you need to see a doctor right away. Moreover, vasomotor rhinitis in infants practically does not occur due to the underdevelopment of the cavernous tissue of the nasal cavity.
Allergic rhinitis
If allergic rhinitis is suspected, the doctor prescribes a blood test for immunoglobulin E and the content of eosinophils. In addition, to prescribe the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis in children from 3 years old, skin tests can be performed to identify the type of allergen. In a child, a small incision is made on the dermis of the hands, into which the allergen is injected. The appearance of edema and redness confirms the increased sensitivity to the tested stimulus. Having established a specific allergen, the first step is to eliminate it. In most cases, the child recovers completely after this. If it is not possible to get rid of the irritant, then spend:
- Symptomatic treatment of vasomotor allergic rhinitis in children. For this, nasal vasoconstrictors, antihistamines, intranasal aerosols and sprays are used.
- Allergen-specific therapy. Increasing doses of the allergen are introduced to the child in order to develop the body's resistance to it. With successful treatment, this method saves the baby from a painful runny nose.
Complications of vasomotor rhinitis
The following complications are possible with a long-lasting nosebleed:
- Acute sinusitis, sinusitis, otitis, chronic tonsillitis develops.
- Sleep is disturbed, weakness and fatigue appear.
- Possibly a heart rhythm disorder, changes in blood pressure.
- The appearance of snoring, short-term cessation of breathing during sleep, which causes oxygen starvation of the body.
To avoid all these consequences, it is necessary to seek medical treatment in time.
Vasomotor rhinitis in a child, reviews
Many babies suffer from vasomotor rhinitis, and parents often discuss this problem on the forums. According to reviews, everyone has one problem: severe nasal congestion, the child cannot breathe at all at night, often snores and is constantly ill with colds.
- Many people use Nasonex. The reviews are different, some say that breathing becomes free, the drug does not help others at all.
- Parents also report that removal of adenoids does not always help.
- Often there are good reviews about the use of Avamys. With its use, breathing normalizes.
Some good effect is noted from a long stay (at least a month) of a child at sea. From the first days, abundant discharge from the nose begins, after which breathing improves, and the child breathes calmly day and night. But upon returning home and the beginning of the visitkindergarten runny nose reappears. To get rid of the disease, daily preventive measures are required, including those to strengthen the immune system.
