In case of loss of teeth or the entire row, removable dentures are used. This dental design is used for the upper and lower jaw. The convenience of the device is based on the fact that the patient is able to fix it himself and remove it for care. The features of removable dentures for the lower jaw are described in the article.
Why is prosthetics needed?
Prosthetics should be installed for the following reasons:
- Psychological discomfort. A person has to communicate with relatives, friends, colleagues. In the absence of teeth, self-esteem decreases, complexes and mental disorders appear.
- Facial features change. When a tooth is lost, the bone in its place is not stressed and is absorbed. Gradually, this leads to a change in facial features. For example, lips and cheeks sink.
- Speech disorder. This defect is especially noticeable in the absence of front teeth, since they are involved in articulation.
- Curvature of teeth. Loss of teeth due to occlusionclosure of upper and lower teeth. This is also observed with a single defect. The opposing unit loses its footing and moves forward. Neighboring teeth want to occupy the vacated area.
- Digestive problems. The gastrointestinal tract suffers from the fact that due to the lack of chewing teeth, food is not digested properly. In the absence of a large number of teeth, the diet that is needed for the full functioning of the body decreases.
Indications
Removable lower jaw prosthesis is used when:
- visible shortcomings, the absence of several units or the entire series;
- not being able to install a fixed prosthesis;
- splinting of teeth when they are loosened;
- periodontal disease;
- temporary aesthetic measure.
In such cases, the design will solve the problem of lost teeth. Most often it is required by older people. Whether it is worth installing a removable prosthesis of the lower jaw on implants or not, the dentist must decide.
Contraindications
Nylon prosthesis cannot be used for severe gum atrophy, increased mobility of the gum mucosa, periodontitis, low tooth height. Acrylic constructions cannot be used in case of intolerance to one of the components of the material. It usually appears as:
- changes in taste sensations;
- burning, dry mouth;
- profuse salivation;
- appearance of irritation of the gums, mucous membrane of the tongue.
While wearing the prosthesisfree monomers are released from acrylic, which can lead to a similar reaction. If it is detected, you should contact your dentist. An acrylic prosthesis is not suitable for a pronounced gag reflex.
Production
First you need to visit the orthodontist. The patient should undergo an examination so that the doctor familiarizes himself with the case and selects the design. Then, according to the shape of the cast, a workpiece is made. After fitting, it is adjusted more precisely so that the design fits the anatomical features. Then, using the parameters of the workpiece, the dental laboratory creates a prosthesis using the material chosen by the client.
When a product is created, it is measured. The patient needs to wear it for a day. If necessary, you need to visit a doctor. If the main part is created on the spot, then the teeth are often ordered from other countries. They are delivered from Germany, Japan.
The country of origin affects the quality. When compared with cheap analogues, the term of imported ones is longer. Even if the prosthesis is accurate, it should be customized. The jaw changes, the bone becomes thinner. To protect against the pressure of plastic or metal on the mucosa, the exact position should be adjusted. Sometimes repairs are needed. It is made in the same dental laboratory where the product was created.
Features
Removable prostheses for the lower jaw can be used in case of severe shortcomings of several dental units. They are also needed for adentia (complete absence). Before installation, anatomical characteristics should be taken into accountlower jaw. Strong bone density due to the removable design is more securely fixed and does not sag.
The bone tissue is larger in height compared to the upper jaw. The presence of a frenulum under the tongue reduces the density of fixation of the prosthesis and creates inconvenience when using the product. The prosthesis is able to move due to the pressure on it from the cheeks and tongue, which leads to noticeable discomfort. Functionality during prosthetics is more important than aesthetic appearance.
Removable dentures for the lower jaw are divided into several types. The choice of design depends on the magnitude of the disadvantage. Prosthetics are performed with partial and complete loss of teeth. What a removable prosthesis of the lower jaw looks like is shown in the photo.
Full types of dentures
Removable prosthesis for the lower jaw is required in the complete absence of teeth. The system is created from polymeric materials (usually plastic is used). The main task of such a prosthesis is to restore chewing and speech function.
The design is fixed on the gum with special adhesives. Now they use Akri Free devices, which have high aesthetic properties and are used for a long time (from 5 years). The disadvantages of such removable dentures for the lower jaw include:
- constant use of adhesives for fixation;
- prolonged addiction;
- violation of diction;
- probable discomfort and discomfort when wearing;
- inability to eat solid food;
- high hygiene requirements;
- permanent visitdentist to control and strengthen the prosthesis.
From the advantages, one can single out a beautiful aesthetic appearance, long operation, safety during use. There are also no restrictions on the age of patients. In addition to complete removable dentures for the lower jaw, there are also partial ones.
Partial
Partially removable prosthesis for the lower jaw is used when at least a few intact units remain in the bottom row. They are anchor points. It is preferable to choose clasp removable dentures.
Bugel
This is the best removable prosthesis for the lower jaw. The main thing is to use it correctly. Such partially removable dentures for the lower jaw consist of a plate base, artificial teeth and a metal frame. The basis of the latter is:
- Saddle. It holds the base and faux units.
- Support-holding products. These are clasps, attachments or telescopic crowns.
- Connecting arc. It provides high-quality fixation between the support-retaining products and the saddle.
The advantage of the device is the same distribution of the load on the chewing surface. This is ensured by the saddle, which is necessary to transfer maximum pressure to the bone tissue, gums and support units. The presence of arcs helps to regulate its size. Because of this, the system is compact and convenient.
The arc of such prostheses is only partiallycloses the soft palate and sublingual space, so the patient will not have impaired diction and chewing function. Sensitivity is maintained during meals, and addiction time is reduced.
For a removable jaw, the prosthesis of the lower teeth differs in the ways of fixation. Systems are fixed with support-retaining clasps. The advantage is high-quality fixation, which is performed by a tight girth of the supporting dental units and a uniform distribution of loads on the lower jaw. This fixation is used as a splinting system. The downside is visibility during a conversation and a smile.
There is a lock design. This mount allows you to fix it with high quality, it has high aesthetic properties, durability in operation and invisibility during conversation. The disadvantage is the difficulty of replacing the lock in case of breakage.
Devices can be fixed with telescopic crowns. Reliability is considered a plus of the design. This crown includes 2 parts:
- Removable. Fixed to base.
- Fixed. Attaches to the support unit.
Prosthesis "Quadrotti"
This removable lamellar prosthesis for the lower jaw is considered a type of clasp structures. The difference is the use of materials (usually injection molded plastic). Due to the absence of metal, the device is similar to the natural tissues of the mouth. The system is considered flexible and adapts to different anatomical deficiencies.
The advantages of removable dentures "Quadrotti" include:
- not required to cover teeth with crowns, which are a support forprosthesis;
- flexibility;
- softness of impact on gums and underlying tissues;
- no diction violations when wearing a prosthesis;
- suitable for people whose jobs involve sports or injury.
According to the photo, removable dentures for the lower jaw have a similar appearance. The main thing is to follow the rules of their operation in order to extend the service life. Then the designs will be reliable helpers.
On implants
These prostheses are called conditionally removable or non-removable because of their strong fixation on implants. It will be possible to remove them, but it is necessary to perform the procedure without risk with a doctor. Working on your own can backfire.
Use this approach when edentulous. The advantage is high-quality fixation and the absence of the need to use additional means of fastening. But it depends on which implants are chosen. If these are mini-constructions, then it is preferable to use them as a temporary, intermediate option for restoring smile flaws.
There is bone under the products that will atrophy. And if one-story implantation with a prosthesis load is chosen, then the charm of a smile and the absence of problems for many years to come are provided if you contact a professional.
What to choose?
When solving this issue, the condition of the gums and teeth, their number are taken into account. If not all units are lost, then choose a clasp design. It is comfortable, strong, durable and lightweight. With complete loss of teeth, it is better to choose dentures made of nylon and acrylic. Nylon is more flexible anddurable, but acrylic retains its shape better. Nylon is more hygienic. It is not able to absorb odors and moisture. Acrylic surface often leads to inflammation.
The color and shape of dentures are almost identical to natural teeth. But the base of the tooth is able to shine through the nylon, acrylic is better in this case. But it usually leads to allergies, irritation. Nylon rarely causes a negative reaction. Acrylic products are cheaper than nylon ones. When choosing dentures, you need to take into account the recommendations of the dentist.
Price
The cost of structures is determined by the material used in the manufacture. The price of nylon full products is higher compared to acrylic. The cost of partial dentures is also affected by the quality of artificial teeth.
The most expensive are products with imported teeth. Their price is about 70 thousand rubles. Partial products of this quality cost 19-27 thousand rubles, it all depends on the number of artificial teeth. The cost of a prosthesis for 1 tooth is from 3 thousand rubles, for 2 - more than 5.5 thousand rubles. With a full nylon construction, the price is 25 thousand rubles.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of prostheses include:
- preservation of chewing function;
- natural looking;
- lightness of the prosthesis;
- installation and in the absence of teeth.
The disadvantages include only high cost and rare cases of material intolerance. With proper care, structures can last for many years.
Adaptation
When choosing the type of prosthetics, the doctor provides the patient with recommendations for use. Their observance allows you to reduce the time of addiction. The period of adaptation in each case is different - from a month to a year.
Acrylic removable dentures for the lower jaw are considered a foreign body in the mouth. Therefore, even with high quality products, a feeling of discomfort when wearing is not excluded. It requires not only high-quality construction, but also a psychological state.
If pain occurs periodically while wearing the product, you should consult your doctor to fix the problems. Before that, you need to follow some rules. Before visiting the dentist, the prosthesis should be carried for about 5 hours. This will establish areas of local pain.
You should not correct problems in the product yourself, correct it manually. These actions can disable the structure and make it unusable. If there are trophic changes in the oral mucosa, then self-treatment is not worth it. You should contact your dentist to determine the cause. The doctor needs to check if the changes are related to the wear of the system or if this pathology is concomitant.
Operation
According to reviews, a removable lower jaw denture can last a long time with proper use. To reduce the habituation period and extend the service life, the following recommendations should be observed:
- Eat soft food andchew it efficiently, evenly distributing the load on the lower jaw when chewing.
- The first time you should not remove the product before going to bed. Deep disinfection is also carried out during the day.
- Compliance with the rules of oral hygiene is required. You can use not only a soft toothbrush, but also use antiseptics to rinse your mouth after each meal.
- To ensure high-quality fixation and prevent slipping, you should buy special pastes or creams. These drugs do not irritate mucous membranes and have a small range of contraindications.
- Reading aloud often is required as a preventive measure against diction.
Features of care
Mandibular prostheses require careful maintenance. Hygiene rules are simple, but they should be followed every day. In the morning, the product is cleaned. To do this, you need a soft toothbrush and special sparing pastes.
After cleaning, the remaining paste is washed off with warm running water (temperature not more than 40 degrees). This procedure should be performed before going to bed. During the day, the product is rinsed with warm water without the use of antiseptic solutions, as they can adversely affect the structure and appearance of the prosthesis.
Once a day you need to use disinfectants to treat the prosthesis. To do this, the structure is immersed in the solution for 30 minutes and then rinsed with warm water. It is necessary to protect the structure from chemical damage and mechanical stress.
Whenthe formation of a defect, you cannot correct the prosthesis on your own, you should consult a specialist. At least once every six months, the structure is given for prophylaxis to a dental laboratory, where it takes on its original form.
So now there are many types of prosthetics. Selection is carried out on the basis of the anatomical features of the lower jaw, indications, cost and requirements for appearance. It should be borne in mind that although the designs are of high quality, you must follow the dentist's recommendations for use and care. Then it will be easier to transfer the time of addiction and prevent breakdowns.
