Endometrial adenomatosis is called atypical (focal or diffuse) endometrial hyperplasia, in fact, a precancerous condition.
Precancerous process is a certain pathology that can turn into cancer with varying degrees of probability. The precancerous hyperplastic process has the possibility of reverse development, only 10% actually turns into oncology. Uterine adenomatosis should be taken very seriously by doctors.
Description of the disease
Hormonal dysfunction is directly related to hyperplastic processes in the endometrium. In this case, there are often uterine bleeding and infertility. They appear for the reason that hyperestrogenism occurs. An excess amount of estrogens in the endometrium leads to quantitative and qualitative structural changes, which provokes the growth and thickening of its internal structures. This is how adenomatosis of the cervix occurs.
Hyperplastic processes are of several types, depending on the type of cells that implement these processes in the body:
- glandular hyperplasia;
- diffusehyperplasia;
- focal hyperplasia.
Let's look at each of them in more detail.
Glandular hyperplasia
When glandular structures increase, endometrial glandular hyperplasia develops. Sometimes this leads to cystic-dilated formations in the lumen of the glands, then glandular cystic hyperplasia is diagnosed. Atypical cells appear and grow in the endometrium, which is typical for adenomatosis.
It is important to understand that when brain function is impaired, especially if the hypothalamus is affected, as well as weakened immunity and metabolic syndrome, cancer occurs in the case of glandular hyperplasia. And regardless of age.
Diffuse hyperplasia
In some cases, the spread of hyperplastic processes occurs over the entire surface of the endometrium, then specialists detect diffuse hyperplasia. That is, a diffuse hyperplastic process leads to diffuse adenomatosis.
Local hyperplasia
In addition, there is a focal form of hyperplasia. The growth of endometrioid tissue occurs in a limited area. Then this growth disappears into the uterine cavity, which becomes similar to a polyp. Focal adenomatosis is a polyp in which there are atypical cells.
Adenomatosis of the uterus is treated mainly by surgery. Further forecast is determined by several factors:
- the age of the patient;
- the nature of hormonal disorders;
-concomitant neuroendocrine diseases;
- state of immunity.
Some women are interested in the question of what is the difference between uterine adenomatosis and endometrial adenomatosis? After all, this is one and the same atypical process. The term "uterine adenomatosis" is not entirely correct, since atypia affects only the inner layer, which is the endometrium. And the uterus itself has several layers.
Fibrosis and adenomatosis
Fibrous adenomatosis as a diagnosis does not exist. Fibrosis is a pathology in which connective tissue grows, adenomatosis - glandular tissue grows. A mixed pathology can also have what will be called fibrocystic hyperplasia.
Adenomatosis can be not only in the uterus. It happens in the mammary glands, but in fact these pathological processes are completely different. Adenomatosis of the mammary glands is Reclus disease, when a benign formation of small cysts occurs. We examined adenomatosis of the cervix. What it is, it became clearer.
What causes endometrial adenomatosis?
The causes of atypical cellular transformation are the same factors that provoke hyperplastic processes in the endometrium. Reliable causes of adenomatosis are not known. Of course, provoking factors are constantly being studied, but so far it is impossible to say for sure that this is the trigger for the atypical process in the endometrium. But the more various adverse conditions there are, the more likely it is to developpathology.
The first place among all provoking factors of endometrial adenomatosis is occupied by hormonal failure. Violated neurohumoral regulation of the entire human body. Estrogens and gestagens are involved in physiological cyclic changes in the uterus. First of all, thanks to estrogen, an increase in the inner mucous layer occurs. But the work of gestagens is to stop the growth of the endometrium in a timely manner and to reject it.
With an excessive amount of estrogen, the growth of the endometrium occurs uncontrollably. Hyperestrogenism can happen for various reasons:
- hormonal function of the ovaries is disturbed;
- anovulation occurs;
- the cycle becomes single-phase;
- endometrial hyperplasia occurs.
With polycystic ovaries, anovulation is chronic. This is also a kind of provoking factor in the development of hyperplasia. If a woman takes uncontrolled hormonal drugs, then the hormonal background may suffer from this. This will start the hyperplastic process in the endometrium.
If there is simultaneously hyperestrogenism, extragenital pathology and neuroendocrine disorders in the body, the likelihood of developing adenomatosis increases. An obese woman with hypertension is 10 times more likely to develop endometrial cancer than a woman with normal weight and blood pressure.
For what other reasons can hyperestrogenism develop? Often diseases of the liver and biliary tract lead to thispathology, since it is the liver that utilizes estrogens.
So, there is an uncontrolled growth of the inner layer of the uterus, which leads to the formation of atypical cells. This is endometrial adenomatosis. What is the treatment for the diagnosis of cervical adenomatosis? More on that later.
Signs of endometrial adenomatosis
As a rule, there are no obvious symptoms of adenomatosis, since atypical cells can only be detected in the laboratory. First, a hyperplastic process is detected, after which it is necessary to clarify its nature.
There are some symptoms of hyperplasia that you should definitely pay attention to:
- the nature of bleeding has changed - menstruation becomes abundant, blood appears outside the cycle;
- pain in the lower abdomen and lower back before and during menstruation;
- manifestation of the metabolic syndrome - overweight, excessive male pattern hair growth, increased blood insulin levels;
- fertility is impaired - it is impossible to conceive and bear a child;
- presence of mastopathy;
- inflammation of the genitourinary system;
- pain during intercourse, bleeding after it.
Is uterine adenomatosis detected on ultrasound?
Using an ultrasound scan, the thickness and structure of the endometrium is determined. The transvaginal transducer does a good job with this study. What kind of hyperplastic process is observed - focal or diffuse - this will showscanning. As a result, if diffuse hyperplasia is detected, then the presence of diffuse adenomatosis can be assumed. It is impossible to visualize it with a sensor, because there are no distinguishing features.
Focal adenomatosis of the uterus is easy to detect, because it is visualized as a polyp. Although the nature of cellular changes also cannot be identified. Atypia is not visible on ultrasound.
The uterine mucosa is scraped, after which this material is sent for histological examination. This diagnostic method is very important for adenomatosis. The composition of the cell, its structural change, and also to what extent and severity it is atypical are being studied. If atypia is not detected, then this indicates a benign course of hyperplasia.
Surgical curettage of the uterine cavity is often performed, and then the resulting material is examined. Hysteroscopy can help with this for visual control during total evacuation of the uterine mucosa.
Adenomatosis of the uterus: treatment
The presence of adenomatosis in a woman can be the cause of infertility, but even with a successful conception against the background of the disease, premature termination of pregnancy can occur.
Treatment primarily consists of the mechanical removal of the altered endometrium. Thus, the source of pathological changes is surgically eliminated, in addition, a scraping is obtained for histological examination. When the results are obtained, the treatment plan is determined depending on this.
Bhormonal therapy and surgery are prescribed individually. If the girl is young, then specialists limit themselves to treatment with hormonal drugs. The patient, who is at an age close to menopause, along with hormone therapy, undergoes a radical surgical operation - removal of the uterus and appendages. This significantly reduces the likelihood of adenomatosis turning into cancer. You can save a woman's life.
It is important to understand that early diagnosis of adenomatosis is most desirable, in this case the risk of oncology is minimal. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly visit a gynecologist, undergo a comprehensive examination, take all the necessary tests. We examined in this article adenomatosis of the endometrium of the uterus. Take care of your he alth!
