During normal functioning in the body there is a constant division of cells, their renewal. It is a controlled and orderly process. Some mechanisms stimulate the growth of new cells, while others cause inhibition, blocking of this process. Self-regulation of the body normally should not fail. But for some unknown reason, sometimes this happens, and the cells begin to divide randomly. A neoplasm appears - this is a tumor, which deals with the branch of medicine called "oncology".
Types of neoplasms
Neoplasms can be either benign or malignant. A biopsy allows doctors to determine the type of tumor. In a benign tumor, the newly formed cells do not affect other tissues and organs, but, increasing in size, they can put pressure on adjacent organs. A benign neoplasm does not always remain unchanged. Under the influence of certain factors, it can degenerate into a malignant one. Such a neoplasm is a dangerous tumor that threatens human life. The tumor cell becomesimmune to signals of self-regulation exists separately. Such cells enter the blood, lymph, spread throughout the body to other organs, where they begin to multiply intensively and form metastases.
Causes of benign lesions
A cell lives forty-two hours, it has time to be born, live and die during this time. A new one takes over and the cycle repeats. If for some reason the periodicity is disturbed, the cell does not die, but continues to grow, a neoplasm appears. This leads to the formation of a tumor. Some factors may contribute to this:
- Frequent inhalation of chemical fumes of toxic substances.
- Drugs.
- Smoking.
- UV rays.
- Ionized radiation.
- Hormon imbalance.
- Reduced immunity.
- Sleep disturbance.
- Poor quality products.
- Chemical products based on highly toxic alcohol.
- Nervous stress.
Cell mutation is quite possible under poor environmental conditions, poor nutrition, combined with stress.
Growth stages of neoplasms
There are several stages of tumor development:
Initiation. The initial stage of neoplasm development. At this stage, DNA changes occur. Two genes are mutated: one of them is responsible for the immortality of the cell, and the second - for constant growth. If two genes are included in the process at once, a malignantchange is inevitable. If one of the genes is transformed, a benign tumor develops.
Promotion. Promoter chemicals do not damage the structure of DNA. But with prolonged contact with initiated cells, the possibility of tumor development arises. Promoters are able to provoke active cell division. With early diagnosis, it is possible to stop cancer pathology.
Progression. During the progression stage, mutated cells increase at lightning speed. This is how a neoplasm is formed. At this stage, even benign tumors cause poor he alth, incomprehensible spots appear on the skin. If you do not take action in time, cancer may form. Genes mutate, the process of metastasis can begin.
Types of benign neoplasms
A benign neoplasm is a tumor that has several types.
- Fibroma. Diagnosed in women (has a connective structure). Localized in the uterus, ovaries, mammary glands, on the skin.
- Lipoma. Possible manifestation on any part of the body. Produced in fat cells.
- Chondroma. Cartilage tumor.
- Osteoma. Formed from bone tissue.
- Myoma. Localized in the uterus.
- Angioma. Appears on the internal organs, on the skin or in the muscles.
- Lymphangioma. Lymph nodes.
- Neuroma. Growth of nerve trunks.
- Papilloma. Skin growths.
- Adenoma. Benign prostate enlargement.
- Cysts. Cavities filled with liquid.
Types of malignant neoplasms
A malignant neoplasm is a pathology that has several varieties, depending on the type of damaged cells.
- Carcinoma.
- Melanoma.
- Leukemia.
- Sarcoma.
- Lymphoma.
- Teratoma.
- Choriocarcinoma.
- Glioma.
Methods for removing a neoplasm in a person on the skin
There are several ways to remove neoplasms on the skin. For each patient, the operation is selected individually, depending on the degree of the disease.
What methods are used:
Radio wave. The operation is carried out using a special electrode that emits high-frequency waves. The tumor is literally cut off by heating, while it remains intact and can be sent for research.
Laser. The most popular method. Light pulses, regenerated into thermal energy, evaporate the neoplasm. The treatment seals the vessels and prevents bleeding. When processed, the formation is completely destroyed.
Chemical. Harsh chemicals are used. The method is used extremely rarely, aggressive acids are used.
Electrocoagulation. AC or high frequency current is used. High temperature destroys the formation on the skin. Electrocoagulation often leaves scars, so the method is not suitable for use on exposed skin and on the face.
Cryodestruction. Forliquid nitrogen is used to eliminate neoplasms. Temperature minus 195 freezes the pathology, destroys the structure. With this method, it is impossible to control the depth of exposure, so there is a danger of hurting he althy cells or underdestroying diseased ones.
Surgical. The standard method of excision with a conventional surgical scalpel. The disadvantage of the method is the threat of bleeding, scarring, a long rehabilitation period.
