There is no such person who would not like to be he althy. This is wished to all birthdays and anniversaries. This is also evidenced by the most popular toast during any feast. What is the basis of he alth? What can a person do to live longer and get sick less? What affects the state of our body? This article will help you figure it out.
He alth Components
The human body is a complex system. At the same time, its normal vital activity is ensured only under the condition of the optimal level of the three components. This is not only biological, but also mental and social basis of he alth. All of them are closely interconnected, being in a dialectical unity. For example, biological he alth directly depends on social, and social - on biological. There are similar connections between other components.
Biological he alth
This level of the state of the body is directly dependent on the dynamic balance of those functions thatperform internal organs, as well as from their normal response to changes in the environment.
Even in the eighties of the last century, WHO specialists identified an approximate ratio of those factors that form the basis of human he alth. It looks like this:
- medical care - from 10 to 15%;
- genetic predisposition - from 15 to 20%;
- the state of the human environment - from 20 to 25%;- way and living conditions of people - from 50 to 55%.
The impact on a person of one or another factor that forms the basis of he alth also depends on his gender and age, individual and typological characteristics.
Genetic factors
The development of any organism is predetermined by a hereditary program inherited along with parental chromosomes. However, these elements, which are so important to us, may be subject to certain harmful influences during a person's life.
Violations of the genetic apparatus may depend on a person's lifestyle, on the quality of the products they use, on the environmental situation, on the uncontrolled intake of pharmacological agents, on the difficulties in the socio-economic processes of society, etc. As a result of the impact of negative factors, there are mutations that cause certain hereditary ailments or a predisposition to them.
Most often such violations occur due to a negative lifestylefuture dads and moms. In addition, it is no secret that the foundations of children's he alth are laid already during the development of the fetus. And a woman during pregnancy often lacks motor activity. She suffers from mental overload of a professional, domestic and social nature, overeats and sometimes does not give up her bad habits. All this negatively affects the foundations of the physical he alth of the unborn child.
Pathologies caused by genetic factors are conditionally divided into three groups. The first of these includes congenital hereditary diseases. In this case, the child is born with certain signs of disorders (color blindness, hemophilia, etc.).
The second group includes hereditary diseases resulting from the negative impact of external factors. These include pathologies associated with impaired metabolic processes in the body, mental disorders and many other ailments.
The third type of genetic factors that affect the basics of physical he alth causes ischemic and hypertension disease, bronchial asthma, atherosclerosis, etc. All these ailments are associated with hereditary predisposition.
Ecology
Of course, the biomedical foundations of he alth are directly dependent on genetic factors. However, a program inherited by a person will ensure his normal development only if certain environmental conditions take place.
The fact that every living organism on the planet is in mutual and diverse relationships with the biosphere was noticed by Sechenov. ScientistHe argued that a person is not able to exist without an external environment. At the same time, it is in abiotic (geochemical, geophysical) and biological connections with everything that surrounds it.
What is the external environment for a person? This is a whole system of anthropogenic and natural phenomena and objects in which life and work, as well as people's recreation, take place. This concept includes biological, chemical and physical factors that directly or indirectly affect the activity and condition of the human body.
The foundations of the formation of human he alth are closely related to all components of the biosphere. This includes plants and insects, microorganisms, etc. Being a complex system, the human body is included in the circulation of substances existing on the planet and is forced to obey its laws.
The biomedical basis of each of us's he alth is affected by many environmental components. And it's not just water, air and sun. A huge role is played by various energy influences (from radiation to the electromagnetic field of our planet).
The impact of the environment on human he alth is also manifested in various climatic conditions of places of residence. Thus, the population of the regions of the north is forced to spend a large amount of vital energy in the struggle for its existence. Such conditions are difficult to compare with those where nature favors man.
Residents of megacities also suffer from the negative impact of the environment. After all, it is in large cities that there are many factors that destroy our he alth. They have a negative effect even on those peoplewho lead the right way of life.
He althcare
Many people mistakenly believe that it is he alth care that will allow them to lay a reliable foundation for he alth. However, despite bright hopes, the share of this factor, according to statistics, is extremely low. And there is a simple explanation for this. The fact is that due to the development of civilization and the increasing spectrum of the spread of diseases, medicine has begun to pay little attention to human he alth.
Today, doctors are more specialized in the treatment of pathologies. They prescribe pharmacological agents that have side effects on the body, thereby not always strengthening it.
Disease Prevention
The medical basis of he alth lies in the adoption of preventive measures, which are divided into three levels. The first one is aimed at all categories of adults and children. The objective of such prevention lies in improving the he alth of people throughout their lives. And the main means of this stage are the development of recommendations on how to maintain he alth, use folk recipes, maintain a he althy lifestyle, etc.
The second level of medical disease prevention is designed to identify various indicators of a person's predisposition and existing risk factors. Such work is carried out in conjunction with the collection of information on hereditary characteristics and the conduct of a particular lifestyle. In other words, the work of doctors in this case is not focused on treatmentcertain type of disease. It is aimed at secondary prevention of pathologies. As part of the tasks of the third level, doctors are working to prevent recurrence of diseases in patients throughout society.
The experience that has been accumulated by medical practice today indicates the low economic and social efficiency of disease prevention. The foundations for improving the he alth of both children and adults are laid at the first and second levels. However, medical professionals continue to focus their efforts on tertiary prevention. Doctors meet only with people who are already ill, examining them and prescribing a course of treatment. However, it is worth remembering that primary and secondary prevention is the basis of public he alth. And she needs to pay close attention.
Lifestyle and living conditions
But still, the main cause of disease today is the daily behavior of a person. And the foundations of maintaining he alth in modern society lie in the conduct of a he althy lifestyle by people. It will be the most effective prevention of all diseases.
He althy lifestyle of each person is individual. This concept takes into account the typological characteristics of the individual, his age, gender, profession, marital status, material security, working conditions, and much more. In laying the foundations of he alth, a person's life orientations and his personal and motivational characteristics play an important role. All of these factors can be a strong incentive to takepreventive measures to prevent diseases.
Unfortunately, many people assume that improving their he alth is possible with the use of any one means, which may be body cleansing, nutritional supplements, exercise, etc. However, this approach is fundamentally wrong. After all, one, even the most effective remedy, is not capable of affecting the entire variety of systems of the human body, each of which has a direct impact on he alth.
That is why each of us must observe the culture of nutrition, exercise and put aside negative emotions (fear, anger, envy, etc.), which affect the body as a huge destructive force.
Mental he alth
Organs and vital systems of the human body are closely interconnected. But all their influence on each other is under constant control of the nervous system. That is why the mental state, which is one of the components of human he alth, is so important for the functioning of the whole organism. This concept is closely related to the personality and depends on the motivations and needs of a person, on his emotional-volitional sphere and the development of self-awareness.
Mental he alth can be described as a state of mental comfort, which ensures an adequate response of a person to all situations that arise in his life. At the same time, it is referred to intellect, reason andemotions.
Social he alth
It's no secret that man is a social being. That is why the social basis of he alth plays an important role for him. It characterizes such a state of the body in which a person is able to make contact with society.
The foundations of social he alth are formed under the influence of contacts with friends and parents, classmates and work colleagues, loved ones, etc. This influence can be both positive and negative. For example, deficiencies in upbringing or a dysfunctional environment can lead to personality degradation. In this case, the society will negatively affect the individual's attitude to himself, to communication, to activities and to other people.
What are the components of human social he alth? These include:
1. Moral. This concept includes a set of ideals, orientations, values, as well as the moral and ethical qualities of the individual, which he considers true for himself. A person's morality is the humanistic aspect of his he alth.2. Social adaptation. It is also one of the components of an individual's he alth. It characterizes his ability to adapt to changing living conditions or the social environment, as well as to find the right solutions to overcome psychological barriers.
One of the means of promoting social he alth is work. It is labor activity that gives a person a sense of need and belonging to society, reveals hisabilities, and also guides him along the path to individual well-being.
He alth Legislation
Those or other elements of the organization of the activities of doctors appeared at the very beginning of the history of medicine. They concerned the relationship between the patient and the doctor and were based on the rules and traditions that existed in society.
The legal foundations of he alth still exist today. In our country, they are reflected in federal laws, government decrees, presidential decrees, etc. All these legal acts provide rights and impose responsibilities on both patients and medical workers.
The main law of the Russian Federation, through the use of which the formation of the legal basis for the he alth of citizens of the country, is the Constitution, adopted in 1993. The articles of its second chapter formulate the freedoms and rights of Russians, which relate to the protection of the life and he alth of each person, as well as activities of medical workers.
The Constitution establishes the following principles:
- right to life;
- guarantee of social security in case of illness and old age;- right to free medical care, he alth care, etc.
With the use of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Fundamentals of Legislation Concerning the Protection of the He alth of Citizens have been adopted. This document is a legal basis that allows developing the relations that exist in the he althcare sector.
Public he alth issues in the Fundamentals are considered at the national level, and the legal norms contained in this document cover a wide rangepublic relations. These include those that take place in the he alth care system. According to the Fundamentals, the work of the state to protect the he alth of its citizens is a combination of various measures of an economic and political, sanitary-hygienic and scientific, medical and anti-epidemic, as well as cultural nature.
