Acne vulgaris are red and white pimples that usually appear on the back, décolleté or face. This problem is familiar to 50% of the population. At risk are young people aged 13 to 19 and girls aged 11 to 18. In rare cases, rashes appear in people in a more mature period of life. This is usually due to hormonal imbalances or other he alth problems. The appearance of red, white pimples and inflammation on the body does not pose a serious danger to life, but it can cause a lot of inconvenience, including psychological comfort and self-doubt.
Basic concepts
Acne Vulgaris is a type of acne resulting from seborrhea. This dermatological problem usually occurs against the background of increased sebum production, high oily skin on the back, face and décolleté. Excessive production of sebum leads to a change in the structure of the cover in certain areas.
Acne Vulgaris most often develops on the face, because here the concentrationsebaceous glands is maximum. If in other areas of the skin it is about 100 glands per square centimeter, then here their number can reach 900.
Characteristics of the disease
What is acne vulgaris disease expressed in? On the face, abundant rashes can appear in adolescence, but often such phenomena can occur in 30 and 40 years. The rash is usually white or red, and sometimes itchy and flaky.
According to the ICD, acne vulgaris has the code L70.0. This is how the disease is commonly referred to in the medical community. Acne usually causes concern before the age of 25. After that, they become less pronounced and noticeable. What are the causes of this disease? Let's try to figure it out.
Reasons
Let's take a closer look at this. The main factor that causes acne vulgaris is hereditary predisposition. If one of your parents had the disease under discussion, then most likely you yourself are at risk. In some cases, the disease can be transmitted from relatives in the second or first line.
Another cause of acne is malnutrition. Dermatologists do not distinguish a direct connection between the mode of eating food and the occurrence of acne. However, numerous studies have shown that in patients who eat a lot of sweet, starchy foods, fast food, rice, acne manifestations are much higher. Skin rashes can also cause pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract of the parasiticnature - giardiasis, ascariasis, toxocariasis. The disease can also be caused by an unfavorable environmental situation, stressful situations, previous surgical interventions and operations, and a decrease in immunity. Problems can be associated with periodic deterioration, such as seasonal beriberi, as well as an iron deficiency state of the body, which occurs due to a lack of vitamins A, B, E and other useful substances.
Another reason that can cause acne vulgaris is the pathology of the endocrine system. It could be hormonal dysfunction. The hormone androgen is responsible for the development of the sebaceous glands and the process of secretion of sebum. When the natural circulation of this hormone in the body is disturbed, an imbalance occurs.
Educational mechanism
So what do you need to know about this? How does acne form in acne vulgaris? Photos of lesions confirm that this problem usually manifests itself on the face, in the décolleté and on the back. It all starts with a violation of the natural circulation of hormones in the body. As a result, lipid imbalance occurs and sebum production increases. This leads to a decrease in the concentration of linoleic acid. This factor, in turn, leads to the occurrence of follicular hyperkeratosis. Excessive follicular hyperkeratosis creates favorable anaerobic conditions for the emergence and development of comedones. There is an active reproduction of bacteria. Additionally, sebum is hydrolyzed by bacterial lipases to form free fatty acids. Such conditions lead toactivation of the process of inflammation and the appearance of rashes. Severe inflammation occurs, which, if left untreated, can spread throughout the pathogenic site.
Diagnosis
What is she like? How to get rid of acne vulgaris? Treatment usually begins with a diagnosis. First of all, a qualified dermatologist will give you a referral for tests. You may also need to consult such specialists as an endocrinologist, urologist, gynecologist. For an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to check the level of prolactin, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and also dehydroepiandrosterone. A dermatologist can also prescribe examinations such as scraping the mucous membranes of the mouth and affected areas of the skin. This is required in order to exclude a disease such as gram-negative folliculitis. You will also need a general urinalysis and a general blood test. Your doctor may order additional tests to rule out acne and Coryne bacterium. In rare cases, a bright red rash may be a sign of tuberculosis intoxication.
How to deal with illness?
So what do you need to know about this? The chronic form of acne vulgaris of moderate severity is treated with hormonal drugs and antibiotics. You can also take a course of light and laser hair removal in the salon. For such procedures, blue lamps with a wavelength of 440 nm are used today. This is the optimal type of radiation. Waves of this format have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microorganisms. The skin condition noticeably improves after 2-3 procedures. Blue rays contribute to the activation of oxygen evolution processes, which reduces the activity of anaerobic pathogens.
Types of acne
Let's take a closer look at this aspect. To cure acne vulgaris, you need to know which variety the disease belongs to.
So, there are such rashes:
- Papular: have a pinkish or blue-red tint. In diameter they can reach 4 mm, when touched they do not cause discomfort. They are treated with internal and external antibiotics. The average course of treatment is 12 days.
- Pustular: may form from papular if they are not removed in time. In appearance, they resemble folliculitis, only the pain is less. To combat this type of acne, you need to follow a diet, as well as undergo complex treatment, including a course of antibiotics and cosmetic procedures.
- Abscessing: occur on the back of the neck, upper back and chest.
- Phlegmonous: burgundy and red acne, up to 1 cm in diameter, surrounded by edema.
- Indurative: causes pain when touched. Develop within 3-4 weeks. For treatment, complex therapy is used, including means of internal and external use.
- Drain: acne of this type occurs when phlegmonous, indurative and abscessed merge. They are painful burgundy, blue-red, sometimes brown lesions of skin areas,accompanied by purulent processes. Cause pain when touched. In this case, antibiotic treatment will not be enough, surgery will be required.
- Conglobate: This is true pyoderma, which is difficult to eliminate and requires a thorough professional approach.
- Inverse: the main reason for their appearance is the activity of coagulase-positive staphylococcus bacteria. The most common localization of such acne is the armpits and the perianal region. May also appear under the mammary glands. In structure, they resemble boils, but do not have a necrotic rod.
Mild Therapy
How to properly treat acne vulgaris? Reviews confirm that with a moderate severity of this disease, it is quite possible to get by with ointments, antibiotics and folk remedies. Experts recommend using products containing sulfur, ichthyol and lemon juice. At this stage of the disease, a drug such as Klerasil is especially effective. It reduces the activity of pathogenic bacteria and has a pronounced antibacterial effect. Well helps means "Oxy-5". It dries the skin and reduces the amount of sebum, but at the first application it can cause a burning sensation. The doctor may also prescribe topical antibiotics, such as tetracycline or erythromycin. At this stage, preparations based on salicylic acid, tinctures of calendula andother substances.
Treatment for moderate severity
So what do you need to know about this? How to deal with moderate acne vulgaris? Here you have to use something more serious. With abundant lesions of an inflammatory nature, Retin-A helps well. You can use gels and creams based on it. This drug helps to eliminate clogged pores and protects against follicular hyperkeratosis. Special care should be taken when using antimicrobials based on benzoyl peroxide, as they can burn the skin. The use of such funds is best to start with low concentrations. Antibiotics such as Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Dixycycline are also used for treatment. Methods of administration and dosage should be determined by a qualified doctor based on the individual characteristics of the patient. Along with a course of antibiotics, doctors recommend taking Bifidumbacterin or other drugs that restore the intestinal microflora.
Treatment for severe stage
Acne vulgaris (according to ICD 10 - code L70.0, as already mentioned) in a severe stage can be accompanied by severe pain and necrotic processes. At this stage, a course of oral and topical preparations should be used to treat the skin. If antibiotics have not brought the desired effect in the treatment of acne in girls, antiandrogenic drugs are usually prescribed. Your doctor may also prescribe estrogen-based oral contraceptives. Good help fortreatment of complex inflammations "Isotretinoin", which is both a hormonal agent and a synthetic analogue of vitamin A. This drug has an effect on all links of the pathology, namely, it reduces the production of sebum and slows down the proliferation of epithelial cells of the ducts of fatty glands.
Diet for illness
A mandatory requirement in the fight against acne vulgaris is diet. Avoid spicy, fatty, smoked foods, sweets and confectionery. It is also not recommended to consume store-bought juices and alcoholic beverages. A favorable environment for the development of acne creates the use of products such as ham, sausage, meat, smoked meats, buns, cakes, pastries and others. Be sure to add fresh vegetables, fruits, cereals, cereals and low-fat foods to your daily diet. Follow the diet throughout the course of treatment.
Disease prevention
How to prevent the development of moderate to severe acne vulgaris? If you are at risk or have a genetic predisposition to this disease, be sure to follow these guidelines:
- Wash at least twice a day, without rubbing the skin, using light cleansers.
- Don't pop your pimples. This can cause scarring and worsen the disease.
- Keep an eye on the condition of your clothes, as well as working conditions. Avoid contact with risk factors.
- Take care of your he alth,drink vitamins and eat right.
- When skin problems occur, treat them immediately to prevent complications from developing.
Conclusion
In this review, we looked at what acne vulgaris is. Treatment of this disease depends on its type and stage. As a rule, complex therapy is used, which includes antibiotics, the use of topical preparations, cosmetic procedures and adherence to a special diet.
