Diseases, both serious and not too serious, unfortunately, are by no means uncommon. In the fight against some diseases, it is impossible to do without antibiotics. Their use is evaluated differently. Doctors were divided into two camps: their supporters and their opponents. If you have a need to use antibiotics, then first of all you need to find out how your body will perceive them. This can be done by seeding for antibiotic susceptibility. Deciphering the analysis will clear things up.
What is this?
This procedure is based on the fact that each group of microorganisms living in our organs is sensitive to any group of antibiotics. Sensitivity manifests itself in stopping their growth and reproduction, which ultimately leads todeath of these microorganisms. Based on this analysis, it is concluded which antibiotics are more effective in combating specific bacteria.
What is analysis, its decoding?
Antibiotic sensitivity - what is it? There are currently three ways to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics:
- diffuse;
- bacteriological analyzer;
- serial breeding.
The first is that the test drug is sprayed into an environment created by paper discs.
The second method mainly consists in the fact that on the basis of the bacteriological analysis performed, the sensitivity of microorganisms to the antibiotic is detected, the result is recorded in a special table, and it is deciphered. Sensitivity to antibiotics becomes clear to the specialist.
The third method is recognized as the most accurate. When used, bacteria must be serially diluted in antibiotic broth.
In general, regardless of the method chosen, the essence of the analysis is that the causative agent of the disease is isolated in its pure form and its reaction to one or another antibiotic is carried out, the sensitivity of the microflora to antibiotics is found out. Deciphering this analysis in these aspects is extremely important.
What is it based on?
It is extremely important to do analysis on the basis of sterile fluids of the organs or tissues from which it is takenpathogen. These include:
- blood;
- spinal cord fluid;
- piss;
- vaginal microflora;
- urethral microflora.
The result of the analysis is a list of antibiotics to which sensitivity was or was not shown in the studied microorganism. This result is provided in the form of a list called an antibiogram. The unit of measurement used is the minimum amount of drug required to kill the microorganism that causes the disease.
Types of microorganisms studied
Conventionally, all microorganisms can be divided into three groups. The division is based on antibiotic resistance.
Can be distinguished:
- sensitive pathogens;
- moderately resistant pathogens;
- resistant pathogens.
In order to cause the death of sensitive microorganisms, the usual dose of the drug is enough. For a moderately resistant microorganism, the maximum dose of antibiotic will be needed. And for the fight against resistant microorganisms, the maximum possible dose of antibiotic will not help either.
Based on the result of the analysis, when it was deciphered, sensitivity to antibiotics was revealed, the doctor understands what dose of medicine should be prescribed to the patient. In addition, he comes to the conclusion about the most effective drug and the duration of the course of treatment.
However, please note that the sensitivitypathogen from a test tube and the sensitivity of the pathogen in the body may differ. This difference lies in the number of microorganisms in the body as a whole.
Unfortunately, there is no way to test directly from the organ.
Therefore, despite the rather high accuracy of the analysis, it must be remembered that the identified sensitivity to the drug does not always coincide with the actual sensitivity of the patient's body. Based on this, the doctor must control the use of the medicine so that the treatment is not wasted.
Urine-based analysis
As mentioned earlier, the analysis should be based on sterile secretions of organisms. These primarily include urine.
Urine-based tests are indicated for patients with diseases in the urinary system.
Symptoms of these diseases include:
- pain when urinating;
- pain in the lumbar;
- disturbances in the process of urination;
- changes in urine test results;
- reaction to the use of antibiotics in the organs responsible for urination.
In order to conduct such an analysis, you will need a morning portion of urine. It must be collected in a special sterile container. You can either buy this container or use any suitable home container, for example, a simple small jar. However, it must be sterilized before use.
When collecting notyou need to use the first drops of urine and the last. This is how the analysis will get the most concentrated microorganisms, if any, urine.
You should tell your doctor if you have taken antibiotics in the days before the sample was taken. They may cause false positives.
The analysis will take up to ten days. The duration of the study depends on the microorganisms. During these ten days, urine will be subjected to a series of tests, as a result of which the doctor will get an idea of the causative agent of the disease, its sensitivity and the antibiotic with which the most effective treatment will be carried out.
Blood-based test
Like a urine-based test, an antibiotic susceptibility test, deciphering it based on blood, helps to understand if a patient has the causative agents of a particular disease.
Blood is also a sterile secretion of the body, it is often used in tests.
It should be taken before the patient starts taking antibiotics. If the collection was made after, then the results may be false.
Collection is made from a vein. The amount ranges from five to ten milliliters.
After the blood has been taken, it is placed in a special bottle in which a nutrient medium for bacteria has been prepared. Cultured for antibiotic susceptibility. The analysis is transcribed based on the results after the process is completed.
The results of the analysis are clarified in sixteen or eighteen hours. Timevaries depending on the type of pathogen. Ultimately, it is determined by the moment when its growth becomes apparent.
This determines the type of pathogen, after which the resistance test begins.
Blood test results may be as follows:
- there are no pathogens in the blood;
- one type of pathogen found;
- several types of pathogens.
The analysis and its interpretation, in which sensitivity to antibiotics is indicated, are transferred to the doctor, and he, on their basis, determines the type of treatment, the drug, its dosage.
