In the article, consider what does the hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte mean? The results of a blood test tell a lot about the general state of human he alth. In this case, the correct interpretation of the result obtained is extremely important. Deviation from the norm indicates the presence in the body of various kinds of diseases. In the event that the average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte is reduced, it means that the body lacks vitamins, hormones or trace elements.
Indications for analysis
This analysis is a blood test at the cellular level in order to identify the quantitative and qualitative presence of red blood cells, and, in addition, the degree of their saturation with hemoglobin as a percentage. Therefore, if the blood protein in the erythrocyte is reduced, thenthis is a signal for immediate help. What does this mean? Red blood cells perform one of the main functions in the body. The fact is that they are responsible for the supply of the required amount of oxygen to absolutely all systems of the human body. Each blood cell has its own specific filling with hemoglobin, due to the iron in it, the action of oxygen binding is performed. The volume of saturation of red blood cells with hemoglobin depends on the supply of oxygen in the blood.
ICHC in analysis
To detect the content of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte, a procedure called MCHC is performed. For the study, blood is used, while experts believe that such an analysis is the most effective, and at the same time reliable. When the result obtained in a blood test does not meet the established norm, this means that there are pathological processes that negatively affect the production of hemoglobin.
Features of the analysis
The procedure for examining the material taken makes it possible to identify the following two indicators:
- The "MSN" value indicates the average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte.
- The "MSU" indicator is the average value of the erythrocyte volume.
It is these two indicators that allow doctors to determine the quality and condition of blood cells. In the case when the obtained value exceeds the normal value, this does not always mean the presence of diseases. In order to confirm the results, specialists often turn to additional methods for studying blood.
Algorithm for blood sampling and analysis
Special preparation in order to take an analysis of the content of hemoglobin in an erythrocyte, as a rule, is not required. It is recommended to take blood no earlier than four hours after the last meal. If possible, high emotional and physical stress should be avoided the day before. It is also necessary to refrain from taking alcoholic beverages. Just before entering the office, it is best to rest for ten minutes.
Blood for this analysis is taken from the fingertip of the left hand using a disposable scarifier or a syringe from a vein. A better biomaterial for research is venous blood, so this method is most often used. Within just one day, you can already get ready-made results in your hands.
Now let's talk about normal indicators.
Hemoglobin norm
In the event that we talk about the norm, then it does not have an exact value for age categories. In this case, the gender of the patients may also have an impact.
The ideal level is considered to be 120-150 g / l, but sometimes the indicators can be pathologically high or low due to internal diseases of the body. For example, in women, the next menstruation leads to a decrease in the level. Men have a different norm - 135-180 g / l.
Hemoglobin norm in children at different ages:
- newborn babies - 180 – 240 g/l;
- 1 week from birth - 160 – 200 g/l;
- 1 month - 120– 160 g/l;
- 1 year - 110 – 130 g/l;
- 5 years - 110 – 140 g/l;
- 10 years and older - 120 – 140 g/l.
In elderly patients, the value of this element gradually decreases. Certain factors can reduce this indicator, for example, a decrease in the rate of cell division processes along with a decrease in their activity.
Modern medicine has a considerable number of ways to study human blood at the cellular level. At the same time, the chances of detecting an erroneous result are reduced to a minimum. Almost every research laboratory has a hematology analyzer, which makes it possible not only to obtain the most reliable result, but also the greatest amount of information required.
What affects the score?
In most cases, if the patient has pathological processes, then the average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte is lowered. With the help of modern technologies, it is possible to identify the reasons for the decline in this indicator. All you need to do is donate blood. This procedure is carried out on an empty stomach in the morning. This is required so that vitamins and microelements that enter the body with food do not adversely affect the reliability of the results.
The same applies to certain foods that the patient consumed the day before. It is recommended that you avoid drinking beverages that contain coffee and alcohol. You should also stop smoking, as all this can affectblood formula and test result.
Deciphering the result
A low hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte is called hypochromia in medicine. The decoding process, as a rule, is carried out by a specialist, who later identifies the causes of possible deviations. The most common factor is iron deficiency anemia, as there is a negative change in the processes of absorption of iron by the body. Additional factors influencing the decrease in advisory indicators in the analysis also include:
- Violation of the patient's hemoglobin structure of congenital etymology.
- The presence of anemia, which is characterized by low iron content.
- The appearance of thalassemia.
- The presence of a macrocytic type of anemia.
No less impact can have a lack of fluid in the body along with the presence of various inflammatory processes in the patient and lead intoxication. Also, disorders at the genetic level, combined with an insufficient amount of vitamins present in the body, can have an impact. Very often, this kind of deviation is accompanied by certain symptomatic manifestations.
The most common is the presence of fatigue along with fatigue even after a period of prolonged rest. In addition, there may be a significant decrease in the overall performance of a person as a whole, combined with constant dizziness, the presence of so-called flies in front of the eyes, as well as a temporary loss of consciousness. All thesesymptoms directly indicate the lack of iron in the body. If the average content of hemoglobin in an erythrocyte is lowered or increased, you should definitely consult a doctor.
Increased MCH
The average hemoglobin content in red blood cells is increased in two cases: when protein synthesis increases or when the size of red blood cells decreases. It is imperative to take action, otherwise there may be negative consequences. When there is an increased content of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte, and this is combined with major he alth problems, this condition is called hyperchromic anemia in medicine. It develops, as a rule, in the following cases:
- Against the background of chronic blood loss in the presence of digestive bleeding, hemorrhoids, heavy periods in women and so on.
- With a lack of vitamin "B12", and, in addition, folic acid. This usually occurs against the background of the presence of chronic gastritis.
- With increased destruction of red blood cells in the bloodstream in case of poisoning with hemolytic poisons.
- Against the background of hypothyroidism, that is, with low production of thyroid hormones.
- In the presence of liver disease and against the background of an enlarged spleen.
- In case of erythrocyte growth disorders.
- Against the background of metastasis of a malignant tumor.
- When else can the hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte be increased? Due to medication, whether it be cytostatics, oral hormonal contraceptives,anticonvulsants and so on.
Protein reduction
Reduced hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte is observed when the "MSN" is less than 27 pg. This condition can develop with violations of the processes of hemoglobin synthesis within the bone marrow. As a result, the blood red cells are only partially filled with it, and they cope extremely poorly with the functions of transporting gases. Such anemia is called hypochromic, it is characterized by pallor of the mucous membranes and skin, and at the same time shortness of breath and increased fatigue. The average amount of hemoglobin in erythrocytes is reduced in the following cases:
- Against the backdrop of acute blood loss.
- In the presence of lead intoxication.
- Against the background of chronic kidney disease.
- The content of hemoglobin in red blood cells is reduced with a lack of iron in the body.
- In the presence of thalassemia, that is, a congenital defect in the protein fraction of hemoglobin.
- Against the background of porphyria, which leads to disturbances in the structure and metabolism of hemoglobin.
Conclusion
Thus, something as small as the average amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells gives doctors a we alth of information to perform a diagnostic test. Its persistent decrease allows to determine many hereditary pathologies or the impact of environmental factors on human he alth. An increase in the "MSN" indicator allows you to distinguish between pernicious anemia(which develops as a result of vitamin B12 deficiency) from chronic blood loss.
Such moments are very important for further treatment of patients. Knowing the subtleties makes it easier for specialists to make the correct diagnosis, and for patients it makes it possible to evaluate the correctness of the prescribed treatment.
