Urinary diathesis is a metabolic disorder in which urates and oxalates accumulate in the body. There is also an increased level of purines and uric acid. Over time, this can lead to the development of urolithiasis and gout. How does this pathology manifest itself? And how to get rid of excess s alts in the body? We will answer these questions in the article.
Description of pathology
Urinary diathesis is a disease in which the body has an increased content of calcium s alts of uric acid, most often urates and oxalates. Otherwise, this pathology is called uricuria. There are two ways in which this disorder develops:
- S alts are formed in increased quantities due to metabolic disorders. Such metabolic disorders may be congenital or acquired. As a result, excess s alts are deposited in the kidneys and then excreted in the urine.
- Calcium s alts are formed in excessive amounts due to malnutrition. Their appearance is promoted by food with highcontent of organic acids. If a person abuses meat and fish food, this can cause an increased concentration of urates. If the diet is dominated by vegetable dishes, then the level of oxalates in the urine increases.
Dehydration contributes to the development of pathology. With a deficiency of fluid, s alts are not washed out of the body. In the analysis of urine, a sediment in the form of reddish sand is found. With urinary-s alt diathesis, echogenic inclusions are detected in the kidneys. They are determined during an ultrasound examination.
Uricuria is considered a borderline state between normal and pathological. Over time, the patient increases the density and acidity of urine, which contributes to the crystallization of sand. The risk of urolithiasis, which manifests itself in severe attacks of renal colic, increases.
Etiology
Consider the main causes of urinary diathesis. Treatment of this disease largely depends on its etiology. It is necessary to eliminate the factor that causes increased s alt formation.
The following reasons can provoke the development of diathesis:
- genetic predisposition to water-s alt imbalance;
- abuse of meat, canned fish, s alty, fatty and spicy foods;
- chronic pathologies of excretory organs;
- injuries and bruises of the kidneys;
- low fluid intake (less than 1.5 liters per day);
- avitaminosis;
- compromised immunity;
- starvation;
- frequent poisoning with diarrhea and vomiting;
- uncontrolled use of antibiotics;
- systematic physical overexertion.
Symptoms of urinary diathesis in women often appear during pregnancy. During this period, the body is subjected to increased stress. Also, uricuria often occurs during menopause due to hormonal changes.
International Classification of Diseases
ICD-10 urinary diathesis code - E79. This pathology refers to metabolic disorders of purines and pyrimidines. Uricuria occurs due to metabolic disorders of these protein compounds.
If the pathology has already passed into the stage of urolithiasis, then its code according to ICD-10 is N20.0. This group includes diseases accompanied by the appearance of stones in the kidneys.
Symptomatics
Symptoms and treatment of urinary diathesis depend on the stage of the pathology. At an early stage, uricemia usually does not cause discomfort to a person. The patient does not even assume that he has disorders in the excretory system. Often, diathesis is discovered by chance during a clinical examination of urine.
Pathology makes itself felt only when a large amount of s alt accumulates in the kidneys. Harbingers of the acute stage of the disease appear: nausea, diarrhea, irritability, loss of appetite. Then the first symptoms of urinary diathesis occur:
- pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen;
- frequent urination with burning sensation;
- reducing the amount of urine excreted;
- appearance of bloody impurities in the urine;
- fever.
Very often, patients mistake these manifestations for signs of cystitis or urethritis. It is possible to differentiate uricuria from inflammatory pathologies of the excretory organs only with the help of laboratory tests.
If there is no treatment at this stage, s alt deposits crystallize. Patients develop new symptoms of urinary diathesis:
- swelling of the face and lower extremities;
- high blood pressure;
- headaches;
- irritability and frequent mood swings;
- thirst;
- nausea;
- appearance of acetone breath odor.
Such manifestations indicate severe intoxication of the body and a disorder in the metabolism of s alts and water.
Symptoms and treatment of urinary diathesis in women and men are the same. However, patients may take the initial manifestations of uricuria for signs of gynecological pathology. After all, inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs are also accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen and lower back. Only a specialist can make a differential diagnosis, so a visit to the doctor should not be postponed.
Features of pathology in children
Uricuria in young children is often congenital. It is associated with genetic abnormalities in the structure of the kidneys. Also, this disease is often observed in puberty. The cause of pathology in adolescents is most often malnutrition with excess protein in the diet.
Symptoms and treatment of urinary diathesis in a child are the same asin adult patients. However, in childhood, signs of kidney damage are often combined with neuropsychiatric manifestations:
- capriciousness;
- fatigue;
- deterioration of memory and mental abilities;
- absent-mindedness;
- headaches.
Sick children lag behind in development, they have difficulty learning. The child has a sharp and unreasonable weight loss.
Many adults believe that diathesis is always accompanied by rash and itching. However, this is an erroneous opinion. The term "diathesis" refers to a fairly large group of pathologies. Skin rashes are characteristic of an allergic and hemorrhagic form of the disease. Uricuria is not accompanied by a rash. This disease cannot be identified by skin manifestations.
Possible consequences
Urinary diathesis is a rather dangerous pathology. Without treatment, this disease can lead to the following complications:
- Gout. The disease is accompanied by the accumulation of uric acid s alts in the tissues. These compounds have a negative effect on the musculoskeletal system. A person has severe pain in the joints. This complication occurs in 10% of patients.
- Urolithiasis. Over time, s alt deposits in the kidneys undergo crystallization, and stones form in the excretory organs. When the calculus passes through the ureter, an attack of renal colic occurs. The patient develops unbearable back pain, which is not relieved by taking conventional analgesics. This condition requires immediate hospitalization, and sometimessurgery.
Diagnosis
Urinary diathesis is very difficult to detect at an early stage. Patients very rarely go to the doctor in the early stages, as the disease proceeds without severe symptoms.
The urologist or nephrologist deals with the diagnosis of this pathology. It is very important to distinguish diathesis from inflammatory diseases of the urinary organs. Patients are scheduled for the following examinations:
- clinical urinalysis;
- testing by Zimnitsky and Nechiporenko;
- blood test for biochemical parameters and pH;
- urine test for bacteria;
- Ultrasound of the kidneys;
- urography with contrast medium.
Therapy
Treatment of urinary diathesis is aimed at reducing the concentration of uric acid in the body. First of all, drugs are prescribed that reduce the production of this compound. These include:
- "Allopurinol".
- "Soluran".
- "Urocyte".
- "Blemarin".
Patients are also shown drugs that help remove s alts from the body:
- "Phytolysin".
- "Asparkam".
- "Urolesan".
- "Canephron".
You can find a lot of positive feedback from patients about drops "Nefrodez". It is a harmless herbal medicine. It has anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. Phytopreparation quickly removes s alts from the body and prevents complications.
Excess uric acid has a toxic effect on the body. Therefore, patients are recommended to take the Enterosgel sorbent. In order to normalize metabolic processes, multivitamin complexes are prescribed.
If a patient is diagnosed with kidney stones, then drugs are indicated to help remove stones:
- "Phytolysin".
- "Cyston".
Take these medicines only for small stones. If the patient has large calculi, then the use of such funds is categorically contraindicated. Otherwise, the patient will have a severe attack of renal colic. Large stones are removed only by surgery.
If a patient develops gout, then the drug "Colchicine" is indicated. This is a herbal medicine that effectively relieves joint pain.
Principles of nutrition
Effective therapy is impossible without diet. After all, s alts are formed in an increased amount with an excess of proteins in the diet and low fluid intake. It is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules of clinical nutrition.
The following products should be completely excluded from the menu:
- fatty meats;
- fatty fish;
- meat broth soups;
- sausages, frankfurters and wieners;
- smoked meats;
- chocolate;
- pickles and marinades;
- strong tea;
- cocoa;
- coffee.
Restriction of protein in the diet does not mean that the patient must completely abandon the meat and fish food. A vegetarian diet is not suitable for everyone, and this type of diet is completely contraindicated for children. After all, a growing body needs proteins. Therefore, it is allowed to consume lean meats and fish in boiled or baked form.
Meat and fish dishes can only be eaten in small quantities. The basis of the diet should be dairy and vegetable products:
- potatoes (especially sweet varieties);
- pumpkin;
- carrot;
- cauliflower;
- fresh fruits and dried fruits;
- salads from fresh and pickled vegetables;
- soups with vegetable broth;
- all kinds of cereals and pasta;
- milk;
- sour cream;
- ryazhenka;
- cream;
- kefir;
- milk, sour cream or vegetable sauces;
- white bread;
- cookies.
It is very important to consume at least 2.5 liters of fluid per day. This helps to flush out s alts from the body and reduce the density of urine. It is recommended to drink fruit drinks from berries, freshly squeezed juices, as well as dried fruit compotes. Alcoholic beverages are strictly prohibited, as alcohol contributes to dehydration.
Traditional medicine
Folk remedies can be used as an additional method of treatment. Only a doctor can select the most suitable medicinal plants. Patients are shown taking decoctions andinfusions of herbs with diuretic and anti-inflammatory action. It is important to remember that herbal diuretics are strictly contraindicated in the presence of stones.
You can use the following traditional medicine recipes:
- Dill seeds. You need to take 1 tablespoon of vegetable raw materials, pour a glass of boiling water and insist for 1 hour. The composition is consumed 1 tablespoon three times a day.
- Bearberry (bear ears). A tablespoon of the leaves of the plant is poured into a glass of warm boiled water. The composition is heated for 25 minutes on a steam bath, then cooled and filtered. The decoction is consumed 150 ml after each meal.
- Cowberry leaves. 20 g of dried raw materials are poured into a glass of boiling water. The composition is insisted for 30 minutes and taken in a tablespoon three times a day.
Uricuria can provoke the development of inflammatory processes in the excretory organs. With such complications, the intake of kidney teas is indicated. Ready-made collections of medicinal herbs can be purchased at pharmacy chains.
Patients leave positive feedback about the treatment of uricuria with medicinal herbs. The use of teas and decoctions based on lingonberry leaves and dill seeds helps to quickly remove s alts from the body. The effectiveness of herbal medicine has been confirmed by the results of laboratory tests. At the same time, reports emphasize that herbal treatment must be combined with medication and diet.
Forecast
With timely diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis of the disease is favorable. However, even after the complete removal of s alts, the patient remains prone to uricuria. Kidney deposits may reappear. Therefore, such patients need to visit a urologist at least once a year.
If the pathology is complicated by urolithiasis, then conservative therapy is not always effective. In many cases, surgical removal of the stones is necessary. The prognosis is significantly worse if the patient develops chronic renal failure.
Prevention
How to prevent uricuria? Nephrologists advise following these guidelines:
- drink enough liquid per day (at least 2 liters);
- do not abuse fatty meat, fish and smoked meats;
- enrich your diet with vitamin meals;
- avoid fasting and overly restrictive weight loss diets;
- timely cure the pathology of the excretory organs;
- do regular urinalysis;
- with a hereditary tendency to form s alts, visit a urologist at least once a year.
These measures will help to avoid the accumulation of s alts and the appearance of stones in the excretory organs.
