Non-ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine, which is accompanied by dystrophic, and in extremely severe cases, atrophic changes in the mucosa, which in turn leads to dysfunction of the digestive organ. With this disease, people are affected by the large intestine (then they talk about total colitis) or individual sections (in this case, left-sided and right-sided colitis is meant along with transversitis and proctosigmoiditis).
Non-ulcerative colitis can develop for all the same reasons as any other colitis. Next, we will talk in detail about this pathology of the intestine, find out what factors most often provoke it, and find out how it manifests itself. In addition, we will get acquainted with the treatment method and the diet that should be followed for this disease.
Codeof this pathology according to ICD-10
What is the ICD 10 code for non-ulcerative colitis? This pathology has been assigned a code range from K50 to K52. The disease in question refers to non-infectious enteritis and colitis.
The main reasons for the development of this unpleasant disease
The causes of non-ulcerative colitis are past acute bowel diseases in the form of dysentery, salmonellosis, food poisoning, typhoid fever, yersiniosis and others. In particular, great importance is attached to the transferred dysentery and yersiniosis, which can take on a chronic character. According to scientists, the diagnosis of non-ulcerative colitis is provoked by acute dysentery. Subsequently, in the absence of bacteriocarrier, the development of this pathology is based on various other pathogenetic and etiological factors, especially dysbacteriosis, along with sensitization to automicroflora, and so on. Next, find out what symptoms accompany this pathology.
Symptoms of this pathology
Patients suffering from non-ulcerative colitis usually complain of abdominal pain, which usually occurs in the lower abdomen, and sometimes in the sides or around the navel. The pain can become aching, bursting, dull or paroxysmal. A distinctive feature of pain in pathology is that they quickly pass after the use of heat in the abdomen or the use of certain antispasmodics, as well as after passing gases and defecation. Coarse vegetable fiber in the form of apples, cucumbers and cabbage along with fatty, fried foods, milk, alcohol andcarbonated drinks increase pain. Abdominal pain may be accompanied by abdominal transfusion and rumbling, urge to defecate, and bloating.
Virtually all people with non-ulcerative colitis have bowel symptoms. The chair is possible liquid and unformed or mushy, with mucus impurities. Some patients often develop weak bowel syndrome. At the same time, several times a day during the act of defecation, a small amount of mushy and liquid feces can be released, often with an admixture of formed pieces and mucus. After a bowel movement, these patients experience a feeling of incomplete bowel emptying.
At the background of damage to the large intestine, tenesmus occurs with frequent urge to defecate, but, as a rule, only a small amount of feces, a little gas or mucus, is excreted. In the presence of chronic non-ulcerative colitis, profuse diarrhea almost does not occur, they occur only with the parasitic form of the disease.
In some patients, the disease may be accompanied by short-term constipation. At the same time, constipation is replaced by diarrhea, against which the feces become frothy, liquid and fetid. In addition, dyspeptic, and at the same time, asthenoneurotic syndrome may develop. Against the background of an exacerbation of the disease, as well as due to the addition of pericolitis with mesadenitis, the temperature may increase to subfebrile values.
Research results of patients and manifestations of pathology
The tongue of patients during the examination is very wet,it is usually overlaid with a gray or white coating. During palpation, soreness with compaction of the large intestine or some of its sections can be determined. Areas of skin hyperesthesia can be found in the iliac and lumbar regions.
In the event that a nonspecific form of mesadenitis joins, the pain is localized not just in the intestinal region, but also around the navel, in the region of the mesenteric lymph nodes, and so on. Against the background of involvement in the inflammatory processes of the solar plexus during probing the abdomen, one can stumble upon a sharp pain in the epigastric region and along the white line. The symptoms and treatment of non-ulcerative colitis are interrelated.
Additional clinical symptoms of the disease
The main symptoms of this disease are the following manifestations:
- On the right side of the abdomen, especially in the iliac region, there is pain that radiates to the groin, and also to the leg and lower back.
- Characteristic is a violation of the stool, especially diarrhea.
- During palpation of the caecum, its spasm with pain is determined.
- In the event that perityphlitis develops, the degree of mobility of the caecum is limited.
In case of inflammation of the transverse colon, the following symptoms of non-ulcerative colitis are observed:
- The appearance of pain, bloating and rumbling of the abdomen, which is localized mainly in the middle abdominal region. Against this background, pain occurs shortly after eating.
- After eating, there may be a pronounced urge to defecate.
- There is a violation of the stool in the form of constipation anddiarrhea that alternates with each other.
- During deep palpation of areas of the large intestine, tenderness is determined along with the expansion of the transverse colon.
Symptoms of non-ulcerative colitis with isolated lesions of the transverse colon include:
- Severe pain in the left hypochondrium, which radiates to the back and left side of the chest.
- Sometimes there are reflex pain in the region of the heart.
- Diarrhea may alternate with constipation.
- Pain in the abdomen can be aggravated by physical exertion, long walking. Pain may radiate to the perineum or groin.
- The presence of a feeling of fullness and pressure may occur in the iliac region.
- During palpation, spastic contraction is determined along with soreness of the sigmoid colon.
Symptoms of inflammation of the sigmoid colon in non-ulcerative colitis include the following manifestations:
- Pain in the anus may occur during bowel movements.
- Tenesmus is typical along with gas, mucus and blood.
- After a bowel movement, there may be a feeling of incomplete bowel movement.
- Anal area is often itchy and wet.
- Often there is a sheep-type stool with impurities of mucus or blood.
- During a digital examination of the rectum, spasms of the sphincter are determined.
Treatment of non-ulcerative colitis should be comprehensive and timely.
Pathogenesis of this type of colitis
The main pathogenetic factors of such colitis are the following reasons:
- Damage to the mucous membrane of the large intestine under the influence of etiological factors. This is primarily related to the influence of infections, medicinal components, toxic and allergic factors.
- Another factor is the failure of the immune system, especially the decrease in the protective functions of gastrointestinal immunity. The lymphoid tissue of the digestive system performs the functions of specific protection against various pathogenic microorganisms.
- Among other things, with chronic enteritis and colitis, the production of immunoglobulins and lysozyme by the intestinal walls decreases, which leads to the development of a chronic form of colitis.
Possible complications of pathology
Ignoring the need for treatment for non-ulcerative colitis can result in the following consequences for a person:
- The appearance of distension of the large intestine.
- Development of stenosis and narrowing of the rectum or large intestine.
- Occurrence of fistulas, fissures and other perianal complications.
- Appearance of internal bleeding.
- Development of acute toxic dilatation of the colon.
- The appearance of cancerous tumors.
Basic diagnostic tools for disease
The development of the disease in question is detected based on the results of the following studies:
- Performing laboratory tests.
- Performing microbiological testing.
- Digital examination of the rectum.
- Performing abdominal ultrasound.
- Implementation of endoscopic diagnostic techniques in the form of sigmoidoscopy, fibrocolonoscopy, colonoscopy and so on.
- Carrying out X-ray examination.
- Performing a histological examination.
In order to conduct the most accurate diagnosis and correctly draw up a treatment regimen, additional consultations of such related specialists as an endocrinologist, gynecologist, dermatologist, rheumatologist and psychologist may be required. Consider the treatment of non-ulcerative colitis below.
Fecal examination
As part of the diagnosis of this disease, the patient's feces are examined first. Specialists diagnose the following scatological syndromes based on fecal analysis:
- With increased intestinal motility, as a rule, the total amount of feces increases. Defecation is liquid, light brown. There is a lot of digested fiber in feces along with intracellular starch and iodophilic flora.
- Against the background of a slowdown in the motility of the colon, the amount of feces decreases. Sheep feces are produced that have a putrid odor.
- With increased motility of the small intestine, the amount of feces may also increase. Defecation is observed liquid and greenish in color, while the stool contains a lot ofundigested fiber, starch and fiber.
- There may be a syndrome of fermentative dyspepsia, in which the total amount of feces increases, it becomes frothy and yellow. Among other things, the content of starch and organic acids increases.
- In putrefactive dyspepsia syndrome, bowel movements are most often liquid, dark or brown in color with a putrid odor and a sharply increased amount of protein and ammonia.
- When colitis flares up, a soluble protein test will be positive. In addition, during the diagnosis, an increased number of leukocytes and epithelial cells in the feces will be noted.
- Against the background of ileocecal syndrome, feces are usually unformed, golden yellow with a sharp and sour smell. Such feces may contain large amounts of undigested fiber.
- Against the background of colidistal syndrome, the patient's feces are not formed, and there is a lot of mucus on its surface, in addition, leukocytes with epithelial cells can be detected in a very large number.
During a bacterial study of feces, signs of dysbacteriosis are determined along with a decrease in the number of bifidobacteria and an increase in the total number of hemolytic and lactose-negative Escherichia, in addition, Proteus can be observed along with pathogenic staphylococcus and hemolytic streptococcus. During the endoscopic examination of the colon, inflammatory changes in the mucous membranes are detected, combined with erosion and atrophy.
Therapy for chronic non-ulcercolitis
First of all, it is required to eliminate the causes that caused the development of this disease. First of all, it is necessary, if possible, to completely cure the accompanying pathologies of the digestive organs, adhering to a balanced nutrition.
In order to restore a he althy intestinal flora, antibacterial drugs are prescribed at the beginning of the treatment of chronic non-ulcerative colitis, taking into account the sensitivity of infectious pathogens, and only after that the normal intestinal flora is reimplanted.
Phytotherapy is widely used. During the treatment of symptoms of non-ulcerative colitis, adults are prescribed collections of medicinal berries and herbs that contain flowers of St. John's wort, shepherd's purse, yarrow, black currant berries, chamomile.
Diet for this pathology
Nutrition for this bowel disease often involves a diet that promotes the following therapeutic effect:
- Reducing the load on the intestinal mucosa along with the activation of recovery processes. At the same time, heavy foods that are poorly digested are excluded from the daily diet of patients. Those products that provoke the development of fermentation and decay are also excluded. This leads to a decrease in stress, the mucosa gradually begins to recover from the harmful effects of inflammatory processes.
- Reduce anxiety symptoms and inflammation. Foods are introduced into the diet that give an antiseptic, bactericidal and soothing effect.
With a strict diet, the patientfully provided with good nutrition in case of indigestion. As part of a limited diet, the daily diet is enriched with vitamins, trace elements and all the nutrients involved in the metabolic process and help accelerate the restoration of intestinal he alth.
How often is food allowed in this pathology? Nutrition for patients with non-ulcerative colitis requires fractional. It is recommended to eat often, up to six times a day, eating small portions of food. Meals should be evenly distributed throughout the day. The last meal is taken no later than a few hours before going to bed.
Special attention must be paid to the temperature regime. For example, food should not be very cold (that is, food should not be less than sixteen degrees) or too hot (when the temperature is more than sixty-two degrees).
At least one and a half liters of clean water is required per day, be sure to drink gas. It is not recommended to eat thick and solid foods. Recommend boiled or steamed foods. Among other things, it is necessary to reduce the quantitative daily content of fats, as well as carbohydrates. As a rule, in the presence of non-ulcerative colitis, patients are prescribed diet number 4. There are certain foods to eat with this diet:
- Stale pastries along with crackers, bread and buns made from premium wheat flour.
- Low-fat fish, poultry and meat.
- Be sure to kissels and jelly, which are boiled from sweet fruits, but it is recommended to limit the daily intake of sugar as much as possible.
- Blueberries with rose hips (these berries are perfect for making various decoctions). In addition, you can regularly consume weak green tea and cocoa on the water.
- Steam omelet or soft-boiled eggs may also be preferred (no more than two eggs per day allowed).
Diet plays one of the most important roles in treating the symptoms of non-ulcerative colitis. Also, patients are allowed to use calcined fresh low-fat cottage cheese. In addition, rice, semolina, buckwheat, oatmeal, vermicelli, soups with meatballs will be useful.
We looked at the symptoms and treatment of non-ulcerative colitis. Stay he althy!
