In women, the disease in question often occurs in the process of aging. Obesity itself also leads to type 2 diabetes. After all, an increase in blood cholesterol makes it difficult for the absorption of glucose and insulin.
Rise
There are many causes and signs of type 2 diabetes in women, the diagnosis of which makes it possible to establish the disease at an early stage. With the abuse of carbohydrate foods, diabetes mellitus can manifest itself. After all, the pancreas then begins to deplete, worsening the work of insulin receptors. If in childhood the child's body suffers severe infectious diseases, after the process of becoming an organism, type 2 diabetes may occur. The genetic predisposition to the disease suggests that women should adhere to a certain diet from childhood. Although even the common flu can cause hyperglycemia.
Additionalreasons
The constant stress that women are exposed to can cause this disease. So, after thirty years, the body of the fair sex is subject to various metabolic disorders. Alcohol abuse and tobacco smoking can also cause type 2 diabetes. Some allergic diseases of women contribute to the appearance of the disease in question. Sometimes pathological conditions during pregnancy can cause type 2 diabetes.
Symptoms and signs of type 2 diabetes in women
Symptoms in women of this disease are most often found after the age of 40. Early signs of type 2 diabetes in women:
- appears overweight. Most often this is due to malnutrition, increased appetite, which also provoke the development of the disease;
- the menstrual cycle is disturbed, the discharge can be scarce or plentiful;
- periodically dry mouth, intense thirst;
- feeling hungry even after a recent meal;
- skin inflammations caused by infection appear, they are accompanied by itching and burning;
- wounds do not heal for a long time;
- concerned by numbness and paresthesia of the legs;
- vision decreases, its blurring appears;
- urination becomes frequent;
- nail plates also react to the disease, their structure worsens;
- hair can fall out a lot, become thin and lose its natural he althyglitter;
- alarmed by constant drowsiness and fatigue, unexpected dizziness.
Vessels react very strongly to the disease, and therefore, if blood circulation is disturbed, the mucous membranes also suffer:
- they become thinner, microcracks appear on them, which heal slowly and often become a source of viral and fungal infections;
- acid-base balance begins to change inside the vagina;
- face peeling off.
Early signs of type 2 diabetes in women are as follows: hair loss on the legs, but their noticeable growth on the face, small growths of a yellow tint, the so-called xanthomas, also appear on the body, pigmentation gradually spreads throughout the body. Laboratory tests will more clearly identify the disease. To do this, you will need to know the content of sugar in the blood and urine on an empty stomach and after eating. If the passed analysis on an empty stomach showed a result of more than 120 mg%, and after filling the stomach - more than 140 mg%, then the disease develops and it is time to start treatment.
Diagnosis
The task of laboratory diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women (see signs above) is to detect or prove dysfunctional beta cells (significant lack of insulin). Major biochemical signs of beta cell dysfunction:
- hyperglycemia on an empty stomach or an increase in the degree of glucose after a meal that goes beyond the boundaries of generally accepted standards;
- glucosuria;
- ketonuria;
- flawor a slight level of C-peptide in the blood or urine.
When signs are present, laboratory studies are needed first of all to confirm a medical diagnosis. In the absence of signs, laboratory data alone make it possible to suspect insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or even to determine a clear diagnosis (for example, if the patient has hyperglycemia on an empty stomach and ketone bodies in the urine). For this reason, laboratory diagnostics is of particular importance when examining individuals in the preclinical stage of the disease. In laboratories, as a rule, the degree of glucose in venous blood plasma is determined using auto-analyzers, but recently, test strips or glucometers that measure the degree of glucose in capillary blood are increasingly used for express diagnostics.
Medicated treatment
The second type of diabetes mellitus in women is a chronic pathology that develops mainly in people suffering from abdominal obesity. It is impossible to completely cure this disease, but it is very important to do it! Medications are commonly used to treat signs of type 2 diabetes in women to help manage the disease.
Thiazolidinediones and meglitinides
Meglitinides stimulate the production of hormones by the pancreas, and also effectively reduce blood sugar. They act on the membrane layer of cells, and not on the cells themselves, which allows not to suppress biosynthesis. The main representatives of this group of drugsare Starlix and Novonorm, which contain nateglinide.
Thiazolidinediones have a pronounced hypoclimatic effect, do not interfere with the production of insulin, stimulate the process of gene transcription, and also neutralize the risk of developing vascular and cardiac complications. The most commonly used drugs in the medical treatment of type 2 diabetes in women are: Troglitazone, Pioglitazone, and Rosiglitazone.
Sulfonylurea derivatives
Using these drugs, you can stimulate the production of beta-cells of the pancreas, increase the permeability of the membranes of some cells, weaken the relationship between proteins and the hormonal complex, increase insulin sensitivity of lipid and muscle tissue, etc. In modern medicine, Carbutamide, Glipizide, Tolazamide and Gliclazide are used, as well as products with glimepiride.
Biguanides
Thanks to their use, you can increase the amount of insulin that will be released into the blood. These drugs inhibit gluconeogenesis by stimulating glycolysis and cell uptake of carbohydrates. But it should be noted that biguanides do not lower sugar levels very quickly! The main drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes in women are Formetin, Glucophage and Siofor.
Incretins and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Incretin is a gastrointestinal hormone that promotes insulin secretion. It starts its work only if there is enough glucose in the blood. It is because of this that a woman does not experience hypoglycemia. Popular representatives of incretins are Janumet,"Metglib" and "Bagomet". Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors block the production of a specific enzyme in the intestine that can cause the dissolution of complex carbohydrates. This helps slow down the absorption of polysaccharides into the blood. The group of effective drugs includes Glucobay, Acarbose and Miglitol.
Food
When doctors diagnose type 2 diabetes in women, they prescribe certain drugs to treat the condition. However, we must not forget about the special diet for diabetes. Since the body can no longer process any product normally. In addition, it is impossible to completely recover from the disease in question. After all, there is a complex process of glucose metabolism. However, this will have to be monitored by observing a certain diet. Only then will it be possible to avoid possible complications.
Features of the proposed diet
In order to maintain a certain level of sugar in type 2 diabetes, you need to limit the amount of carbohydrates consumed. At the same time, you should choose he althy fats and complete proteins for your diet. Naturally, do not forget about the usefulness of vitamins, trace elements and minerals. The transition to the type of food in question should be gradual. However, changes in patients after a low-carbohydrate diet are observed after a few days. So, fats cannot raise blood sugar levels, unlike carbohydrates. And proteins practically do not raise sugar. This diet has been proven effective in practice.
Consequences
Unfortunately, the consequences of type 2 diabetes in women (signs of the disease must be recognized in a timely manner) are observed in almost everyone, and often the pathology can progress. Moreover, even if a woman follows the doctor’s recommendations exactly, injects insulin accurately and without gaps, counts bread units, and constantly monitors sugar levels, complications of type 2 diabetes can still occur at some point.
The consequences of diabetes usually occur due to damage to certain organs - the kidneys, blood vessels and eyes, as well as the nervous system. Let's dwell on them in more detail.
Diabetic Nephropathy
This condition indicates the beginning of the process of damage to the vessels and parenchyma of the kidneys. This reduces the excretion of metabolism from the body, and even kidney failure may develop. The blood contains nitrogenous bases, which cause intoxication of the body. To remedy the situation, a woman needs to regularly perform blood purification through hemodialysis or transplant a he althy kidney from a donor.
Diabetic polyneuropathy
There is damage to the peripheral nerves of the limbs. Initially, the patient may feel tingling, coldness and numbness, but after a while the sensitivity of the limbs may decrease significantly. A rather dangerous complication is the diabetic foot, due to which gangrene and ulcers appear. Without proper and timely therapy, a woman may be shown amputation of an arm or leg.
Diabetic retinopathy
Characterized by damage to the retina, which begins with clouding and fatigue of the eyes, deterioration of vision. After some time, without treatment, the retina can detach, and the woman becomes completely blind.
Diabetic angiopathy
With such a consequence of type 2 diabetes, vessels and capillaries are damaged and malfunctioning, their permeability is noticeably reduced, they can even become brittle, causing the development of vascular bleeding or thrombosis.
The consequences of the second type of diabetes do not develop immediately, but after a certain period of time. But every woman needs to know about them in order to eliminate them in time. This is taught by the school of diabetes, and the endocrinologist.
Prevention
Diabetes is a widespread pathology, especially among women. It occurs due to the defective functioning of the endocrine system. To prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes, you need to regularly check the level of blood viscosity, cholesterol, blood pressure, give up bad habits and lose weight.
He althy eating is probably the main factor, because without it, other measures may be useless. First of all, you should reduce the consumption of fast carbohydrates, since they load the pancreas the most, having a low energy value.
Undoubtedly, frequent stress disrupts the activity of many cells and organs, which can lead tomany diseases. Therefore, a woman needs to learn to control her emotions and not get upset again.
When dehydrated, the pancreas produces less insulin. Therefore, doctors advise women with type 2 diabetes to drink 200-250 ml of water before meals. Water cannot be substituted for tea, coffee, juice, or sweetened water.
To avoid obesity, which is the cause of this type of diabetes, it is recommended that women do regular light exercise.
Reduce the negative effects of diabetes on a woman's body with various examinations, and the earlier the disease is detected, the easier it is to control and treat.
