In cases where a person loses mobility as a result of a serious injury or illness, absolutely any details matter for his treatment and rehabilitation: from correctly prescribed medicines to a favorable microclimate around. But a certain biomechanics of the body is especially important when choosing a position in the patient's bed. The he alth of the patient largely depends on the correctly selected passive posture. And the chosen posture during the course of the disease can become a kind of diagnostic characteristic.
Types of patient position in bed
The specific location of the patient's body largely indicates the severity of his disease. The position of the patient in bed is:
- active;
- passive;
- forced.
Each of these groups has its own gradation according to the severity and characteristics of the disease.
The concept of active position
The active position of the patient in bed is characterized by a set of certain postures that the patient, although with difficulty, is able tochange. When moving in space, a person can also experience unpleasant and even painful sensations. This type is typical for a mild course of the disease or a period of recovery.
Forced
The forced position of the patient in bed is observed when the patient, experiencing severe pain, takes a position that, as it seems to him, at least a little, but alleviates discomfort. The position of the patient's body is a very important characteristic, which in certain cases can indicate the localization of pain and the ailment itself.
There are many postures that somehow accompany certain diseases. For example, with aggravated pancreatitis, the patient lies on the bed, pressing his legs to his chest, in the so-called "fetal position". With peritonitis, the patient tries to take a position of complete immobility, since any movement causes severe pain.
In a disease such as tetanus, the patient arches during convulsions, resting his head and legs against the edges of the bed.
Passive
In those situations where the patient needs to be in a forced immobile state for a long time, use positions in the patient's bed based on the correct biomechanics of the body:
- on the back;
- on the side;
- on the stomach;
- Fowler's position;
- Sims position.
Super position
This posture is performed when the patient is completely passive. The position in the bed of the patient on the back is formedas follows:
- The patient is laid on his back on a horizontal surface.
- A roller is placed under the lower back, pillows are placed under the head and shoulders, but in such a way that there is no tension in the lumbar region.
- Place rollers near the outside of the thighs to avoid the phenomenon of turning outward.
- Place rollers in the lower part of the lower leg, which should ensure the absence of bedsores.
- Implement a perpendicular stop stop to prevent twisting and sagging.
- Hands are placed palms down, putting rollers into the palm, and also fixing them to avoid turning.
Fowler's position
This is a certain position in the patient's bed, which is characterized as a semi-sitting posture. This posture is formed by placing the patient on the surface of the bed with the top raised at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees.
The body of the patient is also fixed with rollers, according to the correct biomechanics, the feet are given a perpendicular emphasis. In this position, the patient, who is in a clear mind, will be comfortable communicating with people, eating and performing other procedures.
Prone position
This position is recommended for patients who are already at risk for pressure sores.
To implement this position, the patient is gently placed on a horizontal surface without pillows. The head is turned to the side and a narrow small roller is placed under it to avoid excessive load.on the vertebrae. Below the level of the diaphragm, a pillow is placed under the abdomen, which reduces pressure on the spine. Hands must be raised and bent so that the hands are at head level. The legs are also fixed with rollers, pads are placed under the lower part.
Side position
This type of patient position in bed is recommended to prevent the formation of bedsores.
The pose is realized on a completely horizontal surface. The patient is placed on his side, bending his upper leg and placing the lower one under it. The head and shoulders are laid on a pillow. Also, with special rollers located near the back, the patient is fixed in a lateral position. A pillow is placed under the legs, the arms are bent, placing one near the head, the other on the pillow at shoulder level. For the feet, an emphasis is organized, as in all other positions.
Sims Position
This is the specific position of the patient in bed, when his body is in a position adjacent to "lying on his side" and "lying on his stomach".
To implement it, the patient is placed half-side on a horizontal surface, placing a pillow under his head. One hand is placed on a pillow at head level, the other is taken down to maintain proper biomechanics. A pillow is placed under the upper leg, bent so that it is at the level of the lower third of the thigh. The feet are given the correct emphasis.
General rules
The position of the patient in bed is a very important stage, both in treatment and in diagnosis. For many positionsyou can even characterize the disease.
Special care should be taken with patients who, due to their illness, cannot move independently in space. In the process of forming the most favorable posture, it is necessary to be guided by the rules of biomechanics, to be careful and careful. Otherwise, posture or movement may cause sprains or more serious injury.
It is also necessary to inform the patient about all manipulations and movements and obtain his approval and consent. It should be borne in mind that a patient with a high risk of developing pressure ulcers is shown changing different positions every two hours. After each change of position, the medical staff must ensure that the patient is in a comfortable and comfortable position.
