Detected blood in the urine of children is a serious reason to go to the hospital for a consultation with doctors specializing in pediatrics and urology. As a rule, parents immediately go to medical institutions for help. Any deviation from the norm in the child's condition is a threat of some kind of disease, maybe a serious one.
Let's talk about the main causes of this phenomenon in children of different age categories. Separately, we will focus on newborn babies, infants and grown-ups. It is necessary to start the article with the norms of blood and urine tests in children. Based on these indicators, doctors can diagnose many he alth problems.
Norms of indicators in analyzes
What should a normal urine and blood test in children show? To begin with, only an experienced specialist should do the decoding of the analyzes. OAM primarily helps diagnose kidney and urinary problems.ways. The color should be from light yellow to golden straw, no impurities should normally be present (clear urine). The following is a table of norms for OAM (general urinalysis) indicators.
| Indicator | Norma |
|
Specific gravity |
(g/l) Up to 2 years - up to 1015; Up to 3 years - up to 1016; Older - up to 1025. |
| rn | From 4, 5 to 8. |
| Leukocytes |
The norm for girls is up to 6; The norm for boys is up to 3. |
| Erythrocytes |
Newborns - up to 7; Older - up to 3. |
| Epithelial cells | Until 10. |
| Slime and protein | Not available or in small quantity. Protein up to 0.03 g/L. |
| Glucose | Not available. |
| Ketone bodies, cylinders, bilirubin, bacteria | Not available. |
Blood impurities should not be normal. Below is a table of UAC norms.
| Hemoglobin | 100–240 |
| Erythrocytes | 2, 7–6, 6 |
| Color indicator | 0, 75–1, 15 |
| Reticulocytes | 0, 3–15 |
| Leukocytes | 4, 5–24, 5 |
| Stab | 0, 5–17 |
| Segmented | 16–80 |
| Eosinophils | 1–7 |
| Basophiles | 0–1 |
| Lymphocytes | 15–70 |
| Platelets | 160–490 |
| ESR | 2–12 |
Please note that only an experienced specialist with a higher medical education can accurately decipher the analysis. The table with blood norms, which is given above, does not differ by age (for example, the norm for a newborn child for some indicator may differ significantly from the norm for the same indicator for a child at the age of three). So the results in each case are individual.
Blood in urine. Reasons
This condition is called hematuria. How can you see blood in the urine? Reddish tint, veining in the diaper, clots in the pot. What does blood in the urine mean in a child? This phenomenon has many different reasons, and pay attention to the fact that they are different for children of different age categories. The he alth of the child must be monitored and very carefully.
So here are the main causes of hematuria:
- diseases of the urinary tract;
- infectious disease of the excretory system;
- renalfailure;
- s alts and kidney stones;
- urinary tract injury;
- blood clotting problems;
- viral infections;
- tumor processes and so on.
Also, blood in the urine of teenagers can appear as a result of serious physical exertion, especially if the child plays sports and wants to achieve high results.
Newborn baby
Blood in the urine of newborn babies may result from the following:
- birth trauma;
- kidney pathology;
- urinary tract infection.
Often, young parents panic for nothing. The first days of a baby's life are very difficult for him. During this period, a uric acid heart attack may occur. Do not be afraid, this is blood in the urine due to the high content of urates in it. It is still worth consulting a doctor in this case, because the cause of hematuria may be completely different. Then the baby needs examinations and the right treatment, which can only be prescribed by an experienced specialist.
Baby
The blood in the urine of infants found in a diaper is a real shock for all parents. However, do not worry in advance, because the red color of urine does not always indicate the presence of some kind of terrible disease. Here are some reasons for this phenomenon:
- hormonal disorders in girls;
- constipation;
- dermatitis;
- cracks in the nipples of the mother (provided that she is breastfeeding);
- allergy;
- lactose deficiency;
- infections;
- intestinal volvulus;
- eating food with red pigment.
Please note that the baby's blood vessels are very fragile, almost any he alth disorder can lead to their damage. The cause may even be a high temperature or overwork. Causes of hematuria in an infant:
- cystitis, urethritis (which are the result of improper hygiene and the development of infection in the urinary tract);
- pathology;
- glomerulonephritis;
- hemorrhagic diathesis.
Grown up children
Traces of blood in the urine of an older child often indicate problems with the kidneys and bladder. Bloody discharge in the urine is a very common manifestation of cystitis. Another reason for this phenomenon is kidney stones, as they can damage the mucous membrane, which leads to bleeding.
Please note that no other symptoms may be present and the child may appear he althy and energetic. If the blood appeared as a result of cystitis, then some more symptoms can be noted:
- heat;
- burning;
- pain in the lower abdomen.
When pyelonephritis may have the following symptoms:
- heat;
- chill;
- back pain (lower part).
Other kidney problems havesymptoms:
- weakness;
- high BP;
- bags under the eyes;
- edema;
- heat;
- pain in the abdominal region (with kidney stones).
Diagnosis
The reason for the discoloration of urine is a large number of red blood cells. If the urine is red, then we are dealing with gross hematuria. It is easy for parents to diagnose on their own. However, there is also microhematuria, which can only be detected by urinalysis. If there is even the slightest suspicion of blood in the urine, then it is necessary to pass a series of tests. If the reaction to blood in the urine of a child is positive, then it is necessary to conduct a series of examinations: ultrasound, tomography, cytoscopy, X-ray. How can you determine for yourself what the problem is? Observe if blood appears immediately when urinating, then the reason lies in the urethra, if after, then in the bladder. OAM can confirm kidney disease if a protein is detected.
How to proceed?
If you find blood in your baby's urine, try not to panic. As mentioned earlier, products containing red pigment can give such a peculiar color to urine. Remember, maybe you gave your baby beets, carrots or blueberries the day before. It is very important to make sure that it is the blood that gives the red color. If you gave your child new medicines, then this can also cause a red tint of urine. In these cases, it is necessary to give more clean water. If the reasonlies precisely in this, then the urine will soon acquire a natural shade.
In cases where the connection with food or medicine is not revealed, then you should go to the doctor. The child will first need to pass the KLA and OAM. This will help to find out the cause of this phenomenon.
Conditions under which blood in the urine is the norm
There are some cases where blood in the urine of children is normal. These include an inserted catheter into the urethra. Blood in this case may be present for several days after its removal. After the procedure of cystoscopy or crushing (removal) of stones from the kidneys on this day and a few after, spotting may appear. If the child had serious physical activity on the eve of the urine test, then this can also cause the presence of blood.
